支护失效对岩爆弹射破坏影响的真三轴试验研究-水工结构工程专业论文.docx

支护失效对岩爆弹射破坏影响的真三轴试验研究 摘要岩爆是高地应力条件下的岩体在开挖卸荷后围岩应力状态改变导致围岩的强度和承载能力急剧下降，诱发突然或激烈的弹射破坏并伴随着巨大 能量释放的地质灾害，是深部地下工程经常遇到的危害性最大的地质灾害 之一。支护是控制岩爆发生的一种重要途径，然而工程实际中，虽然支护 对岩爆破坏具有一定的抑制作用，但岩爆仍然常发生在已支护的围岩中， 甚至因支护失效诱发强烈岩爆。因此，支护失效对岩爆的影响问题不容忽 视，支护失效对岩爆影响的研究对岩爆倾向隧洞的合理支护设计具有重要 的现实意义。利用具有单面突然卸载功能的真三轴岩爆试验系统，以灰白色花岗岩 为研究对象，根据地下洞室支护失效前后的围岩应力路径变化，通过岩爆 过程模拟试验，利用高速摄像系统对岩爆破坏全过程进行追踪与弹射动能 测试，详细分析岩爆的弹射过程、岩爆弹射动能、岩爆破坏形态、声发射 能量累计数和平均破碎块度等特征，研究不同失效支护力、支护失效时机 及支护失效速率对岩爆弹射破坏的影响。研究结果表明：(1)支护力越大，岩样峰前储存的弹性应变能越多， 同时支护力抑制了岩样裂缝的发展，岩样损伤小，声发射能量累计数低， 支护失效时，突然释放的弹性应变能转化为动能越多，岩爆的弹射动能越 大；(2)在不超过岩样真三轴抗压强度的条件下，在轴向应力加载过程中， 单面卸除最小主应力的时间越晚，即支护失效时机越迟，峰前储存的弹性万方数据应变能越多，岩样破坏时，瞬间释放的弹性应变能转化为动能越多，岩爆 的弹射动能越大；(3)岩爆弹射动能随支护失效速率的增大而增大，呈现 线性增长趋势。随着支护失效速率的增大，岩样的破坏模式由静态脆性破 坏向岩爆动力破坏转变；岩样峰前损伤越少，声发射能量累计数越小，岩 爆强度越高。关键词：岩石力学；岩爆；真三轴试验；支护失效万方数据TRUE TRIAXIAI。TEST STUDY oF TIIE INFLUENCE OF SUPPoRT FAILURE ON RoCKBURST EJECTIONABSTRACTRockburst is one of the most serious disasters frequently encountered during underground excavation in depth．Before excavation，the rock masses are under a true．triaxial stress condition．Then，the excavation of an opening change theinitial in situ stress，leading to the stress concentration and lowing the strength and carry capacity of the surrounding rock．When the excavated-induced stress increases to the rock mass strength，rock mass failure OCCURS accompanying with the release of elastic strain energy in the formation of fragment ej ection．Thisphenomenon is called rockburst．Additionally,it is well known that support is one of significantly methods for preventing rockhurst．But，it should also be noted that rockburst is still encountered in supported tunnel，and the support failure may trigger intensive rockburst．Therefore，it is meaningful to gain agood understanding of the influence of the support failure on rockbust，andfurthermore provide a basis for support design of the tunnel with rockburstproneness．The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the support failure on the rockburst．Firstly,the unloading test o