高级网络技术-ipv4 addressing(思科教材).pptVIP

* VLSM是CCNA的难点，需要多给一些案例练习。 * 说明方法 * * * 演示ping 解释ping输出的各项含义 * Ping gateway失败的可能原因 Gateway自身故障 主机配置错误 Gateway接口安全配置导致ping失败，但工作正常 其它底层故障等 * 注意，ping失败只是可能故障，并不一定。ICMP报文在很多边界路由器上是被阻塞的。 * 演示tracert 解释输出项含义 * ICMP虽然使用IP服务，但是它依然被看作一个第三层协议 Determining Valid Addresses for Hosts Testing the Network Layer Ping – Testing the Local Stack Ping It is a utility for testing IP connectivity between hosts. Pinging the Local Loopback () A response from indicates that IP is properly installed on the host. Ping gateway Testing connectivity to the local LAN Ping remote host Testing connectivity to remote LAN Traceroute (tracert) – Tesing the Path It takes advantage of Time to Live (TTL) ICMPv4 – The Protocol Supporting Testing and Messaging Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMPv4) ICMP is the messaging protocol for the TCP/IP suite ICMP provides control and error messages ICMP messages that may be sent include: Host conformation Unreachable Destination or Service Time exceeded Route redirection Source quench Q and A * * * * * * * 传统分类地址的类别，每一类的范围，默认网络大小 传统分类地址的缺点 现在都是无类地址系统 * 看图说明每类地址的特点 * 子网前缀的用法 * 根据图示解释三种通信类型，举例说明其一般用途。 具有橙色阴影的主机是参与通信的主机 * * * 解释公有地址与私有地址的区别 * 解释每种特殊地址的用途 * 说明为了保证地址分配的唯一性，管理组织的架构是怎样的 * * * 对于每类设备的不同考虑 * 子网掩码的作用仍然是区分网络和主机部分 子网掩码的特点：网络部分是全1，主机部分是全0 说明子网掩码与前节子网前缀之间的关系 * * 逻辑与运算的基本法则 其用途与重要性 * * 以图中的点对点链路说明为什么要使用VLSM * 强调文档的重要性！ The ANDing（与） Process An Exercise of ANDing ANDing – What is in our network? An originating host use ANDing to determine if a packet should be sent directly to a host in the local network or be directed to the gateway. Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) The ARP Process – Mapping IP to MAC Addresses The ARP protocol provides two basic functions: Resolving IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses Maintaining a cache of mappings 1 The ARP Process – Mapping IP to MAC Addresses 2 The ARP Process – Mapping IP to MAC Addresses 3 The ARP Process – Mapping IP to MAC Addresses 4 The ARP Process – Mapping IP to MAC Addresses 5 The ARP Process – Mapping