中国文化概况 chapter 4精品.ppt

Ghost-Exorcising Opera (傩舞) The Ghost-Exorcising Opera originated from a sacrificial ceremony for driving away evil spirits and pestilence (瘟疫) in ancient times. Traditional Musical Instruments (10 minutes) Plucked Instruments (弦乐器) Percussion Instrument (打击乐器) Wind Instrument (管乐器) Plucked Instruments (弦乐器) Pipa (琵琶) is an ancient plucked (拨动的), four-stringed instrument made of wood, with the fingerboard shaped like a melon-seed, and a long beautiful neck bent backward. Zither (古筝) is also a plucked string instrument, and it is one of the main ensemble and solo instruments of traditional Chinese music. The present-day zither usually has 21-25 strings. Erhu (二胡), sometimes known in the West as the Chinese violin, is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument and is used as a solo instrument as well as for small ensembles and large orchestras. Percussion instrument (打击乐器) Drum (鼓) is a percussion instrument consisting of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere with a membrane (表层) stretched tightly over the end or ends, and is played by beating the membrane with hands or sticks. Gong (锣) is a percussion instrument made of copper in the shape of a disk and beaten with a wooden hammer. Drums and Gongs are a general terms describing all sorts of percussion instruments. Wind instrument（管乐器） Ceremonial horn (唢呐) is a woodwind instrument, with its mouthpiece made of brass, and its body made of wood. It has seven holes on the obverse (正面) and one on the reverse（反面） side of the tube. It can produce resonant sounds, becoming a principle wind and percussion instrument of folk bands. Bamboo Flute (笛子) is a wind instrument made of bamboo, with a row of holes, bamboo membrane and a sound-adjusting hole. It is played by holding the instrument horizontally, covering the holes and blowing into one side. In ancient times, a vertical bamboo flute was called  “xiao (箫)”. Discussion (10 minutes) Which do you prefer, traditional opera or modern drama? Students’ PPT Presentati