muscle cell 肌细胞-1(7年-2011年)11.pptVIP

骨骼肌Skeletal Muscle A single skeletal-muscle cell is known as a muscle fiber (肌纤维）. The nerve cells whose axons（轴突） innervate（支配） skeletal muscle fibers are known as motor neurons（运动神经元） 运动单位Motor Unit = a motor neuron + muscle fibers 神经肌接头的传递Nuromuscular transmission The alpha motoneuron branches, as it approches the muscle, sending axon terminals（轴突末梢） to several skeletal muscle fibers. Synaptic transmission（突触传递） occurs at the end-plate region （终板区）(i.e., the postsynaptic membranes 突触后膜) of the skeletal muscle fiber. Ca 2+ 通道的开放和Ach 的释放 The axon terminal is enlarged into the terminal button. （末梢钮扣）Each terminal button contains thousands of vesicles that store Ach. Propagation of action potential the terminal triggers the opening of Ca 2+ channels in the terminal button. It permits Ca 2+ to diffuse into the terminal button from extracellular fluid, which in turn causes the release of Ach by exocytosis （出胞）from the vesicles. 终板电位 End plate potential Binding of Ach with the receptor site in the motor end-plate induces the opening of channels ( both Na+ and K+，为化学门控通道). More Na+ moves inward than K+ outward, bringing about a depolarization of the motor end plate -----This potential is known as end-plate potential (EPP). （终板膜本身无电压门控钠通道，故不会产生动作电位，但可形成局部电流） Local current can reach the threshold of adjacent muscle fiber membrane（邻近肌膜） and bring about an action potential. 乙酰胆碱酯酶Acetylcholinesterase The surface of the motor end plate contains the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, which can break down（分解） free Ach in the cleft. As the concentration of free ACh falls because of its breakdown by acetylcholinesterase, less ACh is available to bind to the receptors. When receptors no longer contain bound Ach, the ion channels in the end plate close. The depolarized end plate returns to its resting potential and can respond to the subsequent arrival of ACh. 神经-肌接头传递各环节 Action potential in presynaptic nerve terminal? depolarization ? Ca2+ channels open