Chaper 02管理学Management刘冰老师教学课件 英文版.pptVIP

* * * Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2–* Implications of the Systems Approach Coordination of the organization’s parts is essential for proper functioning of the entire organization. Decisions and actions taken in one area of the organization will have an effect in other areas of the organization. Organizations are not self-contained and, therefore, must adapt to changes in their external environment. Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2–* The Contingency Approach Contingency Approach Defined Also sometimes called the situational approach. There is no one universally applicable set of management principles (rules) by which to manage organizations. Organizations are individually different, face different situations (contingency variables), and require different ways of managing. Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2–* Exhibit 2–8 Popular Contingency Variables Organization size As size increases, so do the problems of coordination. Routineness of task technology Routine technologies require organizational structures, leadership styles, and control systems that differ from those required by customized or non-routine technologies. Environmental uncertainty What works best in a stable and predictable environment may be totally inappropriate in a rapidly changing and unpredictable environment. Individual differences Individuals differ in terms of their desire for growth, autonomy, tolerance of ambiguity, and expectations. You also need to know … Abraham H. Maslow （马斯洛） Douglas McGregor （道格拉斯· 麦克雷戈） Herbert Alexander Simon（赫伯特·西蒙） James G．March（詹姆斯·马奇） Peter F. Drucker （德鲁克） A. P. Sloan（斯隆） Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2–* Current Trends and Issues Globalization Ethics Workforce Diversity Entrepreneurship E-business Knowledge Management Learning Organizations Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prent