心理学导论Chapter12Personality.pptVIP

Chapter 13 Personality Persona The Definition An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting (98) The pattern of psychological and behavioral characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with others (from another text book) Freud’s psychoanalytic or psychodynamic approach Psychoanalysis A set of theoretical ideas about personality and a method of psycho-therapy The technique of treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. (98) Psychiatrists vs psychologists in the field Exploring the Unconscious Conscious Preconscious—information that is not conscious but is retrievable into conscious awareness Unconscious—according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary research, information processing of which we are unaware Personality Structure id—the unconscious portion of personality that contains basic impulses and urges Libido—the psychic energy contained in the id Pleasure principle—the id’s operating principle, which guides people toward whatever feels good Ego The part of the personality that mediates conflicts between and among the demands of the id, the superego, and the real world Reality principle—the operating principle of the ego that creates compromises between id’s demands and those of the real world Superego—a voice of conscience that forces the ego to consider not only the real but the ideal The component of personality that tells people what they should and should not do As children learn about the rules and values of society, they tend to adopt them—the process of internalizing parental and cultural values Ego defense mechanisms Anxiety is the price we pay for civilization. Anxiety is hard to cope with, as when we feel unsettled but are unsure why Freud proposed that the ego protects itself against anxiety in various ways, all of them distorting reality Reducing the anxiety—the d