小区建筑风环境数值模拟研究-供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程专业论文.docx

摘要随着城镇化进程加快，建筑物高度不断增大，建筑物密度不断增强，对室外 风环境的影响也更加明显。小区建筑室外风环境是小区环境的重要因素之一，小 区建筑风环境直接影响到小区行人风舒适、室内自然通风效果，以及小区污染气 体输运。因此，在小区建筑设计阶段有必要通过调整建筑群的布局来改善室外风 环境。对建筑风舒适性评价，特别是人行高度处风舒适性评价是绿色建筑设计重 要环节。风舒适性是评价风环境质量一个重要判据，而对于风舒适性的评价主要 采用人行高度处的二个主要风特性，风速和风压。对小区建筑室外绕流场的分布 进行实测不方便，在实际工程中进行风洞实验不仅周期长，且则需要耗费大量资 金，而应用 CFD 计算可方便的对小区建筑物绕流风场进行数值模拟，得到室外 风速和风压分布。本文采用 CFD 对建筑室外绕流场进行数值模拟，具体的研究 内容如下：（1）系统阐述了大气边界层内风特性，同时介绍了建筑小区风环境基本理论。（2）系统阐述以基于 CFD 技术的建筑（群）绕流的数值模拟方法，以单体 建筑绕流为对象，数值模拟了单体建筑绕流流场，分析了速度和压力分布特征， 通过与文献中风洞实验结果的对比，验证本文所采用数值模拟方法的可靠性和有 效性。（3）采用数值方法，研究由双体建筑绕流的流场特征，分析了双体建筑高度、 间隔、朝向，以及自然风梯度分布等对双体建筑绕流的影响，并对双体建筑周边 区域风舒适性进行了分析和评价。（4）数值模拟了中南地区小区建筑群 3 种不同布局形式（行列式、错列式、 围和式）绕流流场，并对首层架空和不架空围和式建筑布局方式绕流流场进行对 比研究，模拟结果表明，首层架空后小区内流场平稳，风舒适性得到很大改善。关键词：建筑布局；绕流；风舒适；风环境；数值模拟INumerical Research on Residential Construction Wind EnvironmentABSTRACTWith the accelerating of urbanization, building height and density increased continuously, and it would also have a signification influence on wind environment outdoor. Residential building wind environment outdoor is one of the important factors, including two aspects: residential architectural wind environment outdoor and indoor natural ventilation. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the layout of architectural complex to improve the wind environment outdoor in the residential building design stage .We can also adjust the existing building layout to improve the wind environment, for example, take the action of the first layer overhead to the architectural complex . At the same time, to building wind comfort evaluation, especially the pedestrian height level wind comfort evaluation is the important aspects of green building design, wind comfort evaluation of wind environment quality is an important criterion for the wind comfort evaluation, and it mainly uses at the height of the 2 main characteristics of air environment for the pedestrian field, wind speed and wind pressure. And the area outside of the building around flow field distribution is hardly to be measured in p