机器学习意义.pptVIP

两类传授学习 全自动的机器学习 1)—5)步全由机器实现 半自动的机器学习 专家完成其中几步 * 3）归纳学习 LE ＜ LK 3-1) 实例学习（Learning from Example） （有示教） 通过从环境中取得若干与某概念有关的例子，经归纳推理得出一般性概念。 在这种学习方法中，外部环境提供给系统一些特殊的实例，这些实例事先被划分为正例和反例。 例1：学习“狗”的概念 给出正例、反例，程序总结出什么是狗 例2：学习下棋 给出一些具体棋局及正/误走法，程序归纳出下棋的一般规律 * 实例学习的两个空间模型 验证过程 解释过程 示例空间 规则空间 (选择例子) (解释例子) * Insert a picture of one of the geographic features of your country. * Insert a picture of an animal and or plant found in your country. * Insert a picture of an animal and or plant found in your country. * Add key points in the history of your country to the timeline. * Insert a picture of the head leader of your country. * Insert a picture that illustrates some part of your country’s economy. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the points of interest for your country. * Insert a picture of one of the geographic features of your country. * Chapter 7 Machine Learning (机器学习) 机器学习的意义 学习的定义（四种观点） Simon的学习模型 信息/知识的级别(level) （传统）机器学习的方法 * 一. 机器学习的意义 机器学习就是计算机自动获取知识，是知识工程三分支（表示知识、使用知识、获取知识）之一。 机器学习 * 二. 学习的定义（四种观点） 1. 获取知识的过程 2. 掌握技能的过程 3. 系统改善自身性能的过程 4. 建立理论、形成假设、发现事物规律、 进行归纳推理的过程 机器学习 ????????? * 三. Simon的学习模型 圆圈代表信息/知识的集合 环境 ——外界提供的信息/知识 知识库——系统具有的知识 方框代