(语言中最小的意义单位)PPT培训课件.pptVIP

Chapter 3;Introduction;3.1 Morphemes 词素; A word is a minimal free form (词是最小的自由单位). The concept of morpheme differs from the concept of word, as many morphemes cannot stand as words on their own. What’s more, many morphemes are not free. un respect able free re collect ion free un predict able free 语言中最小的不可再分的意义单位是词morpheme。 ; The word “unladylike” consists of three morphemes: “ un- ” not “ lady ” (well behaved) female adult human “ –like ” having the characteristics of None of these morphemes can be broken up any more without losing all sense of meaning. Lady cannot be broken up into la and dy, even though la and dy are separate syllables. Because none of these has meaning on its own. ; The word unbreakable has three morphemes: “un-” a bound morpheme, prefix break“ a free morpheme -able, a bound morpheme, suffix. Both un-“ and -able are affixes. The word “technique” consists of only one morpheme with two syllables. Even though the word has two syllables, it is a single morpheme because it cannot be broken down into smaller meaningful parts.;Characteristics: 1. All the morphemes have their own meanings, but they cannot be further divided, otherwise they will not make any sense. 2. Morphemes may have some variants, for example, -ation, may also be –tion, -sion, -ion，but they belong to the same suffix because they have the same meaning and grammatical function. ;3.2 Morphs and Allomorphs (形素和词素变体); Mono-morphemic words: bird,green,sad,want,desire,etc. The plurality forms are realized by different forms of morphemes in different words . The morpheme of plurality –s have three variants in the example such as in cats /s/, bags /z/and matches /iz/, but they belong to the same suffix as they have the same meaning and grammatical function.;Allomorp