石油工程英语artIBeforedrillingcanbegin.pptVIP

Lesson 3Before Drilling Can Begin 3.1 Mapping—Leasing—Permitting Before one can begin to drill for oil one must Know exactly where to locate the drill rig, and be able to describe that location in precise legal terms; Obtain permission to drill for, and to produce hydrocarbons from the owners of both the surface of the land and the minerals; Obtain the proper permits from a myriad of government agencies. Lesson 3Before Drilling Can Begin 3.2 Mapping 3.2.1 Land Measurement Correct legal descriptions of a piece of land are vital to the sale, purchase, mortgaging, and leasing of land. Accurately plot proposed well locations, and legally describe land ownership, one must have a system of land measurement, which should meets these criteria: highly accurate, and relatively easy to work with. The system used in the United States is the rectangular survey system, the result of a land ordinance passed by Congress in 1785, Not included in the survey were the 13 former British colonies plus Maine, Kentucky, Tennessee, and later, Texas, which still measure land by “metes and bounds.” Lesson 3Before Drilling Can Begin 3.2 Mapping 3.2.1 Land Measurement The establishment of a principal meridian and a base line (Figure 3.1). These principal meridians run in a true north-south direction; The base lines run east and west at right angles to the meridians. The point at which the two lines intersect is called the initial point or starting point. Meridians are named with a notation that names the meridian involved, i.e., “I.M.” or, “Indian Meridian”. Lesson 3Before Drilling Can Begin 3.2 Mapping 3.2.2 Townships The legal description of a tract of land is based on a Congressional township, which is an area 6 mi square, and contains 36 mi2. This is 3 steps to make a Congressional township. lay out the principal meridian and base lines; The surveyor returns to the starting point and lays out lines north and south every 6 mi on either side of the meridian; He lays out