基于电磁超声的钢轨缺陷检测系统的研究-电气工程专业论文.docxVIP

AbstractItisinevitablefortherailsgetseverelydamagedafterlong-termwork,which will strongly threaten the safety of the railway. For the present, ordinary flaw detectionmethods,suchasmagneticfluxleakage,plusededdycurrent,alternating current field measurement, can only be used for the rail surface flaw detection. Thoughpiezoelectricityultrasonictransducercandetecttheinternalfalwsoftherails, it needs couplant, as a result, there are blind areas on the surface. The electromagneticacoustictransducerisindependentofthecouplingmaterial,soitis quiteconvenientforittoexcitatedallkindsofultrasonicwavestodetecttheflaws bothonthesurfaceandintheinnerspacewithhighefficiencyandspeed.Therefore, it is of great theoretical importance and practical value to research of rail flaw detectionsystembasedonelectromagneticacoustictechnique.Theelectromagneticultrasonicexperimentplatformwasdesigned.The transminttingandreceivingdevicewasimproved,whicheffectivelysolvedthepower sourceandinterferenceproblemandwasabletotransmitandreceiveallkindsof ultrasonicwaves.Theeight-channeldataacquisitioncardbasedonUSBtechnique wasachieved,whichcansampleeight-channelechosignalssimultaneouslyand supplyconditionsformulti-transducerrailflawdetection.Theuppersoftwarewas designedbasedonLabWindowsCVI.Itcanneatlychangethefrequency,thepluse number,etc,whichwasconvenienttocarryoutexperimentsandstudydigitalsignal processingalgorithm.Thedigitalsignalprocessingalgorithmwasdesigned,whichwasappliedinthe railflawdetectionsystem.Inordertoenhancethereliabilityoftheultrasonicecho, four-timeaccumulatedaveragealgorithmwasusedforpre-processing.Throughthe compareofcalculationquantityofFIRandIIR,theIIRellipsefilterwasusedas basicfilterunit.Theflawechosignalcanbeeffectivelyextractedwithcross- correlationdetection,self-correlationmethodandwaveletalgorithm.Aftercompare theprocessingqualityandthecalculationquantity,theself-correlationmethodwas finallychosen.Theelectromagneticultrasonicrailflawsystemwasdesigned.Themechanical st