逆作法施工关键技术研究及其推广应用-建筑与土木工程专业论文.docx

摘要逆作法是在逆作面处先形成竖向结构，以下各层地下水平结构自上而下施工， 并利用地下水平结构平衡抵消维护结构侧向土压力的施工方法。此方法在建筑物 密集的城市基坑工程中得到广泛应用，其效益明显，原理简单，在控制基坑变形 和不均匀沉降，充分利用有限建筑场地，加快施工进度等方面具有先天的优势， 但工序繁多、施工组织相对较为复杂。实践证明，逆作法作为一项新兴的基坑支 护方法，具有良好的经济和社会效益。本文结合复旦大学附属中山医院肝肿瘤及心血管病综合楼项目对逆作法的设 计理论做了简要的阐述，结合具体实例，着重阐述了逆作法施工的关键技术，如 地下连续墙施工、中间支承柱施工、逆作法施工挖土技术、地下室结构浇注、沉 降差控制、大体积混凝土施工技术、信息化施工技术、环境保护与安全等。逆作法施工虽然具有很多优点，但其适用范围和方法选择应根据工程地质条 件、水文地质条件、地下建筑建构类型、周边环境、开挖深度、施工条件等因素 综合考虑。本文将层次分析法引入到深基坑工程施工方法的选择中来，具有很强 的实用性。鉴于逆作法施工具有明显的社会效益和经济效益，及其目前仅用于上海、广 州、北京等城市的现状，本文对逆作法的应用，结合山东半岛蓝色经济区以及黄 河三角洲高效生态经济区的契机，进行了推广，对逆作法的应用具有积极地促进 作用。综合来说，本文结合复旦大学附属中山医院肝肿瘤及心血管病综合楼项目， 对逆作法施工工艺作了具体介绍，详细说明了逆作法的设计和施工技术，以及逆 作法尚应完善和解决的一些问题。 关键词：逆作法；深基坑；关键技术；层次分析法；推广应用AbstractThe top-down construction method is a method that first form the vertical structure formation at the top-down construction boundary, then construct the each following underground level structure from top to bottom, and take advantage of the underground level structure to balance the soil lateral pressure of exterior protected construction as well. This method acquires broad application in the foundation pit engineering of dense city. Its benefit is significant and principle is simple, in addition, it has inherent advantages in controlling the deformation of foundation pit, making full use of the limited construction site and speeding up the construction, but its process is various and construction organization is relatively more complicated. The application shows that top-down construction method, as a new foundation pit supporting method, has favorite economic and social benefits.Combining with the project of the comprehensive ward floor of liver tumor and cardiovascular disease of affiliated Zhongshan hospital of Fudan university, the article briefly describes the theory of top-down construction method and emphatically elaborates the key construction techniques in carrying out the top-down construction method, such as the construction of underground continuous wall, supporting columns construction a