抑郁症患者外显和内隐自尊稳定性-基础心理学专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要根据世界卫生组织的调查显示，抑郁症已成为损害人类健康的第四大疾病， 而且随着人类生存压力的增大和生活节奏的变快，抑郁症的发病率将不断上升， 到 2020 年，抑郁将成为导致人类死亡和伤残的第二大因素。对于抑郁症的研究， 心理学家偏重研究抑郁情绪，但能否把抑郁情绪的研究结果简单推广于抑郁症 患者身上，牵涉到抑郁连续性问题还存在争议，因此深入研究抑郁症患者的心 理状况是很有必要的。以前对抑郁发生机制的研究，主要集中于高低自尊与抑 郁的关系，发现抑郁与低自尊密切相关，但此处的低自尊主要指的是外显自尊。 对内隐自尊与抑郁的关系的研究还较少，研究结果不一致。因此，本研究以抑 郁症患者为被试，创设成功的情景和通过阈下评价性条件反射，研究外显自尊 和内隐自尊的变化情况，揭示抑郁症患者自尊的结构特点及其稳定性。研究一和研究二以 30 例抑郁症患者和 30 位非抑郁症患者为被试，采用 Rosenberg 自尊量表（SES）和 Heatherton Polivy 编制的状态自尊量表（SSES) 测量外显自尊，内隐联想测验（IAT）测量内隐自尊。研究采用 2（抑郁/正常）×2（成功反馈/无反馈）被试间设计，通过瑞文推理测验创设成功反馈任务分 别探讨抑郁症患者外显自尊和内隐自尊的稳定性。研究三将 30 例抑郁症患者随机分成实验组和控制组，接受不同的阈下评价 性条件反射处理，研究抑郁症患者的自尊能否内隐改变，进一步揭示抑郁症患 者在阈下评价性条件反射处理下自尊是否稳定。本研究结果发现：（1）抑郁症患者的外显自尊显著低于非抑郁症患者，而内隐自尊不存在显著 性差异。（2）成功操纵后抑郁症患者和非抑郁症患者的外显自尊与内隐自尊并无显著 变化，即外显自尊和内隐自尊均具有一定的稳定性。（3）阈下评价性条件反射处理下抑郁症患者的外显自尊和内隐自尊并无显著 变化，即抑郁症患者的外显自尊和内隐自尊很难内隐改变。关键词: 抑郁 ；内隐自尊 ；外显自尊 ；内隐联想测验 ；评价性条件反射AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization, depression has become the 4th disease which does harm to human health and its incidence will continue to rise with the increasing pressure of survival and the rapid pace of life .By 2020, depression will become the second factor to cause human death and disability. As for the research of depression, psychologists put more efforts to study depressive mood but its still a controversy about whether the results of research on depressive mood can be simply applied to depressive patients .Therefore, its necessary to carry out further researches into depressive patients mental state. Former researches on emergency mechanism of depression put emphasis on relationship between self-esteem level and depression .Psychologists found that low self-esteem is closely correlated with depression, but low self-esteem here refers to explicit self-esteem. There are only a few researches on the relationship between depression and implicit self-esteem, and the evidence from such researches is mixed. Accordingly, through the creation of success feedback and subliminal evaluative conditioning, the change about implic