计算机网络体系结构与Internet汇.ppt

计算机网络体系结构与Internet 清华大学计算机系 提纲 网络基本概念 Internet简介 协议分层和OSI参考模型 End-to-End Arguments Internet设计原则 基本机制回顾 提纲 网络基本概念 Internet简介 协议分层和OSI参考模型 End-to-End Arguments Internet设计原则 基本机制回顾 What’s a network network edge: millions of end-system devices: pc’s workstations, servers PDA’s, phones, toasters running network apps network core: routers, switches forwarding data packets: packet switching calls: circuit switching communication links fiber, copper, radio, … What’s a protocol? a human protocol and a computer network protocol: What’s a protocol? human protocols: “what’s the time?” “I have a question” Introductions network protocols: machines rather than humans all communication activity in Internet governed by protocols What’s a protocol? A closer look at network structure network edge: applications and hosts network core: routers network of networks access networks, physical media: communication links The network edge end systems (hosts) run application programs e.g., WWW, email at “edge of network” client/server model client host requests, receives service from server e.g., WWW client (browser)/ server; email client/server peer-peer model host interaction symmetric e.g.: BT, Maze, e-Donkey The network core mesh of interconnected routers the fundamental question: how is data transferred through net? circuit switching: dedicated circuit per call: telephone net packet switching: data sent thru net in discrete “chunks” A Taxonomy of Communication Networks Communication networks can be classified based on the way in which the nodes exchange information: Broadcast vs. Switched Communication Networks Broadcast communication networks Information transmitted by any node is received by every other node in the network E.g., LANs (Ethernet, Wavelan) Problem: coordinate the access of all nodes to the shared communication medium (Multiple Access Problem) Switched communication networks Information is transmitted to a sub-set of designated nodes E.g., WANs (Telephony Network,