lake ecosystem health assessment indicators and methods：湖泊生态系统健康评价指标与方法.Image.Marked.pdf

Wat. Res. Vol. 35, No. 13, pp. 3157–3167, 2001 # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain PII: S0043-1354(01)00040-9 0043-1354/01/$ - see front matter LAKE ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ASSESSMENT: INDICATORS AND METHODS FU-LIU XU*, SHU TAO, R. W. DAWSON, PEN-GAN GLI and JUN CAO MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process and Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (First received 21 July 2000; accepted in revised form 11 January 2001) Abstract}A set of ecological indicators including structural, functional, and system-level aspects were proposed for a lake ecosystem health assessment, according to the structural, functional, and system-level responses of lake ecosystems to chemical stresses including acidification, eutrophication, and copper, oil and pesticide contamination. The structural indicators included phytoplankton cell size and biomass, zooplankton body size and biomass, species diversity, macro- and micro-zooplankton biomass, the zooplankton/phytoplankton ratio, and the macrozooplankton/microzooplankton ratio. The functional indicators encompassed the algal C assimilation ratio, resource use efficiency, community production, gross production/respiration (i.e. P/R) ratio, gross production/standin