Ch12_Unemployment(下)_鲍哈斯劳动经济学 英文.pdfVIP

Last Week Mobility 鈥 Immigration 2 飩 Immigrants who migrated years ago earn more than newly arrived immigrants. 飩 Assimilation: immigrants acquired U.S.-specific skills. 飩 Cohort effects: newly arrived immigrants may be inherently different from those who migrated years ago. 飦 Changes in US immigration policy (e.g. deemphasize skills as condition of admission) 飦 Nonrandom return migration by immigrants (e.g. immigrants who have relatively low earnings are the ones who return to their home country) Mobility 鈥 Immigration 3 飩 Roy model: describes how workers sort themselves among employment opportunities. 飩 If skill is more valued in the U.S. than in home country 鈫 workers with higher skill would immigrate to the U.S. 飩 If skill is less valued in the U.S. than in home country 鈫 workers will lower skill would immigrate to the U.S. 4 Mobility 鈥 Job Turnover 5 飩 The probability of a quit and layoff decline with job seniority and with age. 飩 Why does wage grow with tenure? 1. Longer tenure 鈫 more specific training 2. Workers with good match employment will have low probabilities of job separation and these workers will tend to have seniority on the job. 飦 For a given worker, wages do not grow with tenure. Across workers, we will observe positive relationship between tenure and age. Unemployment 6 飩 Frictional 飩 Seasonal 飩 Structural 飩 Cyclical Unemployment 7 飩 Why Unemployment Exists 鈥 Job Search Model 鈥 Intertemporal Substitution Hypothesis 鈥 Sectoral Shift Hypothesis 鈥