背单词的捷径——构词法.pptVIP

构词法 派生法 合成法 转换法 派生法 un + employ + ment 失业，失业率 prefix前缀 root词根 suffix后缀 im + mature + ly 不成熟地 英语词根 派生法 后缀： 一、构成名词的常用后缀 er, or, ist, ee, ian, ese, ant…表人或物的名称。 例如：thinker, guesser, translator, interpreter, conductor, physicist, dentist, employee, trainee, physician, Italian, Japanese, assistant… 派生法 2. ance, ence, (a)tion, sion, ics, ing, ity, ment, ness, th, ty, ure, ship…表行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。 例如：acceptance, assistance, dependence, confidence, repetition, preparation, discussion, division, physics, fabrics, building, wedding, settlement, reality, ability, argument, greatness, hardness, warmth, length, safety, penalty, failure, pressure, friendship, leadership… 派生法 二、构成形容词的常用后缀 able, ible, al, ful, less, ish, ive, ous, an, ic, ly, y, ant, ent, ary, en… 例如: available, suitable, responsible, permissible, natural, national, powerful, faithful, fearless, useless, selfish, childish, collective, decisive, famous, continuous, American, European, historic, scientific, friendly, lively, thirsty, noisy, significant, pleasant, dependent, consistent, secondary, imaginary, golden, wooden… 派生法 三、构成副词的常用后缀 ly, ward, wise… 例如：terribly, regularly, homeward, eastward, otherwise, likewise… 四、构成动词的常用后缀 ize, en, ify… 例如：realize, modernize, widen, strengthen, verify, modify… 派生法 前缀： 表示相反意义的前缀 un, dis, in, im, ir, il, de… 例如：unhappy, uncomfortable, unload, uncover, dislike, disagree, informal, inaccurate, irregular, irresponsible, illegal, illogical, decode, devalue… 派生法 2. 表示其他意义的前缀 re, mis, anti, ex, pre, post, fore, self, super, sub, inter, trans, ultra, semi, vice, uni, bi, multi, auto… 例如：retell, reform, misunderstand, mistrust, anti-war, anti-social, ex-president, ex-boyfriend, preheat, prepare, post-war, postgraduate, foresee, forecast, self-control, self- important, supermarket, superman, subdivide, subway, interconnection, interact, transport, translate, ultraviolet, ultrasonic, semi-final, semiconductor, vic