非言语沟通Ch 6-Nonverbal communication.pptVIP

American British sign language are practically the same True False Kinesics Refers to the study of how people perceive and use space. It is not important in the study of language Studies body movements, facial expressions and gestures Is universally applicable and innate Nonverbal Communication The transmission of messages w/o spoken words Body language… Smell, Taste, Touch Proxemics Kinesics gender, status, culture space types of gestures Gesture systems... Sign languages… analyzing signs Paralanguage… Speech substitutes…. Body Language Learned in cultural groups Interpreted unconsciously Often overrides verbal language ~60% of communication? Beware of guidebooks. Smell, Taste, and Touch Smell And ethnicity, culture Cigars, perfumes and status Taste And group membership Spicy foods.. Touch And gender and power Relation to proxemics…. Proxemics Edward Hall, 1950s How people perceive and use space Cowboy proxemics Getting to theatre seats. Gender, Status, Space Entering into someone’s ‘space’ Getting the ‘best’ office Or the biggest bedroom Having one’s own ‘space’ Dens vs sewing rooms. Do you agree that American homes reflect differential uses of space and communicate relative statuses of its occupants? Men have are entitled to more space than women Women are entitled to space than men Children are entitled to more space than adults Depending on the family and culture (uncertain response) Culture and Space Different arrangements US grids French circles German doors: closed vs open Different uses Where to eat in the Comoros Depends on gender too. Kinesics Ray Birdwhistell, 1950s Body movements Shrugs, nods. Arm leg-crossing Facial expressions Smiles, frowns, winks Gestures Palm up / palm down Thumbs up! Kinemes, allokines kinemorphs. Typology of Gestures Eckman Friesen, 1960s Emblems Translatable (waving) Illustrators Of what is said (steering) Affect Displays Convey emotion (smiling) Regulators Control or coordinate (pointing) Adaptors Facilitate release (