福州大学微生物 微生物的生长及其控制（英文教案简版）.pptVIP

Chapter 8 一、Methods of Culturing Microorganisms Five I’s Inoculation（接种） Incubation（培养） Isolation（分离） Inspection（观察） Identification（鉴定） 1、Inoculation Placed into a container of sterile medium; Using a sterile tool to spread the sample on the surface of a solid medium or to introduce the sample into a flask or tube. 2、Incubation A temperature—controlled chamber or incubator; Setting the optimum temperature and gas content; Incubation produces a culture---the visible growth of the microbe in the medium. 3、Isolation Make a pure culture that contains only a single species of microbe. Separate colonies（菌落） on solid media; Further isolation --- subculturing（移种、接种）. （1）Streak Plate （平板划线分离法） Gradually thins out the sample; Separates the cells spatially over several sections of the plate. Because of its effectiveness and economy of materials, the streak plate is the method of choice for most application. （2）Spread Plate（涂布法） To make a 10-fold (10?1) dilution; （3）Pour plate（倾注法） To make a 10-fold (10?1) dilution; One difference between this and the spread plate method is that in this technique some of the colonies will develop in the medium itself and not just on the surface. 4、Inspection Growth characteristics ：color, texture, size，etc ; Microscopic details ： cell shape, size, motility, etc; Staining techniques ：microscopic morphology. 5、Identification Biochemical tests; Immunologic tests; Genetic analysis. 血球计数板 1个大方格分为25个中方格，每个中方格分为16个小方格 1个大方格分为16个中方格，每个中方格分为25个小方格 计数室容积 = 1×1×0.1mm3 1mL菌液中的总菌数 = ×25×104×稀释倍数 1mL菌液中的总菌数 = ×16×104×稀释倍数 5、Practical Application of the growth Curve The tendency for population to exhibit phases of rapid growth, slow growth, and death has important implications in microbial control, infection, food microbiology, and cultural technology. Understanding the stages of cell growth is crucial for work with cultures. For certain industrial applications, closed batch culturing with its four phases is inefficient. The alternativ