英语专业 词汇学-CHAPTER 2.pptVIP

03-08-08 崔建斌:现代英语语言学概论 2.1 Speech Production and Perception General Introduction Human beings are capable of making all kinds of sounds, but only some of these sounds have become units in the Language system. Language is first and foremost ”a system of vocal symbols”, as we have discussed previously. Speech sounds had existed long before writing was invented, and even today, in some parts of the world, there are still languages that have no writing systems. 2.1 Speech Production and Perception  Speech Sounds studies The study of speech sounds is a major part of linguistics and, in this section, we will look at ways of studying speech sounds and the patterns in which speech sounds are used. The study of sounds is divided into three main areas, each dealing with one part of the process. 2.1 Speech Production and Perception ARTICULATORY PHONETICS is the study of the production of speech sounds. ACOUSTIC PHONETICS is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech. AUDITORY PHONETICS is concerned with the perception of speech sounds. For the purpose of this course, we will concentrate only on Articulatory Phonetics, which deals with how sounds are produced and ignore the other areas of study. 2.2 Speech Organs SPEECH ORGANS are also known as VOCAL ORGANS. They are those parts of he human body involved in the production of speech. The organs, however, are not used for speech alone, as their primary function is to fulfil the basic biological needs of breathing and eating. 2.2 Speech Organs In spite of this, there seems to have been considerable evolutionary justification for them to fulfil the special task of speech as they have been formed in such a way that they can function efficiently for the act of speech. It is striking to see how much of the human body is involved in the production of speech. the LUNGS, the TRACHEA (or windpipe), the THROAT, the NOSE, and the MOUTH. 2.2 Speech Organs Inside the mouth, we need to distin