胶体化学(第8章).pptVIP

Chapter 8. Colloidal structures in surfactant solution 8.1 Introduction In the last chapter we examined the tendency of surfactant molecules in aqueous solutions to adsorb at a surface in the form of a monolayer（单分子层）. Structure of monolayer. Diffusion from bulk phases to surface; Positive adsorption, positive excess, surface activity, decrease of surface tension. How about the surfactant when concentration of the solution is high. The surfactant molecules forms aggregates(聚集体) in a bulk phase. This process of organization is thermodynamically driven and is spontaneous-“self-assembly(自组装)”. The resulting aggregates are known as association colloids(缔合胶体). This chapter is concerned with structures in the colloidal size range formed by these molecules. The colloidal structures are examined in this chapter are formed as a results of physical interactions among amphipathic（双亲的） molecules, rather than by covalent bonding(共价键). Why are association colloids important? Mimic (模拟) biological structure; Mimic both enzymes(酶) and membranes（膜）; Drug-delivery vehicles(医药传输载体); As a reactor(反应器)。 Focus of this chapter Critical micelle concentration （cmc）(临界胶束浓度)； The structure of different parts of a micelle; Mass action model and phase equilibrium model of micellization (胶束化)； Applications of micelle. 8.2 Surfactants in solution Self-Assembly into micelles The break in curve 3 marks the concentration above which these solute molecules aggregate to form clusters(聚集体) known as micelle. The clustering process can be described by the reaction nS ?Sn (A) S- represent the amphipathic species; Sn is the micelle with a degree of aggregation. Reaction (A) represent the micellization process. Reaction (A) is reversible(可逆的). The polar group of the surfactant may be nonionic or ionic. Non-ionic(非离子型) polar group: Polyxyethylene (聚氧乙烯基) Ionic(离子型) polar group： Anionic (阴离子型) －SO3－ ，Sulfonate Cationic(阳离子型) －NO3＋ Zwitterionic