3.汉英句子翻译.pptVIP

第三章 句子的翻译 3.1 主语的确定 汉语句子的概念是话题评论式的。它是提出一个话题（topic），接着是评论或说明（comment/explanation）。如“大港的春天风很大”。“大港的春天”是主语，“风很大”是评论。话题和评论可以是短语和句子。“大港的春天”是短语，“风很大”是句子。 英语主谓概念是施事行为式的。句子的主语是施事或受事，句子的谓语必须是行为。句子都要有主语并且以动词为核心，主语和谓语之间有许多相互制约的语法关系。比如workers make machines. 他家起火了。 A fire broke out in his house. 他的英语说得很好。 He speaks good English. 我觉得研究生的学习很忙。 I felt very busy with the study of the graduate courses. 然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。 Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth. 假日里，年轻人双双对对漫步在公园里 The young people in pairs rambled about the park on holidays. 3.1.1 主语不变 英语句子中的主语只能是名词，主格人称代词或者名词性的词组，当汉语原文由明确的主语，而且该主语是由名词或主格人称代词充当时，可以以原主语作为英译文的主语。 我的书在哪儿？ Where is my book? 日本的首都是哪里？ What is the capital of Japan? 物价之涨落决定于供求之间的关系。 The rise or fall of the prices depends on the relation between demand and supply. The prices of commodities fluctuate according to the demand and supply. The relation between demand and supply determines the rise and fall of prices. 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 If vocabulary is the “building material” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命。 Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment have taken their lives seriously. 3.1.2 重新确定主语 很多情况下，我们需要重新选择和确定主语，以保证译文逻辑通顺，行文流畅，语法正确，语言自然地道，并且行使与原文相似的功能。汉语的主语的定语，宾语，状语，谓语等等都可以被翻译为英语中的主语。试分析下列句子的翻译，若有不妥之处请加以改进。 为了维持生计，有沉重和繁琐的家务要干。不少家庭主妇被家务活累坏了身体。 In order to make a living, there is a lot of heavy housework. As a result, many housewives break down. In order to make a living, many housewives have to do so much heavy housework that they finally break down. 那天晚上的天色不大好，可是爹爹还是来了，实在很难得。 The sky colour of that evening was not good, but father came too, which was quite rare! The weather that evening was not fine, but to my great joy my father came nevertheless. 学习的敌人是自己的满足，要认真学习一点东西，必须从不自满开始。 The enemy of study is complacency. Learning something seriously must begin from not being complacent. Complacency is the enemy of study. We cannot really learn anythin