顾勇_Anatomical and functional organization (17,18).pptVIP

顾勇_Anatomical and functional organization (17,18).ppt

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Mammalian brains Species Weight (g) adult human 1,300 - 1,400 newborn human 350 - 400 Pithecanthropus Man 850 - 1,000 sperm whale 7,800 elephant 6,000 bottle-nosed dolphin 1,500 - 1,600 chimpanzee 420 rhesus monkey 90-97 dog (beagle) 72 cat 30 squirrel 7.6 alligator 8.4 owl 2.2 rat (400 g weight) 2 goldfish 0.097 green lizard 0.08 脑重和体重的比例: 皮层的分区 Increased surface: 脑沟-sulci 脑回-gyri Main 4 lobes: Temporal lobe Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure) Monkey:relatively simpler than human Human: AS 大脑皮层的功能 The cerebral cortex is concerned with cognitive functioning (not the spinal cord, brain stem, diencephalon, and the heart!) Process sensory information deliver motor commands Specialized areas: “Primary”: first stage in cortex Primary visual cortex Primary auditory cortex Primary somatosensory cortex Primary “vestibular” cortex? Primary motor cortex Temporal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure) Primary visual cortex Primary somatosensory cortex Primary motor cortex Primary “vestibular” cortex? Primary auditory cortex 信息在皮层的加工 Homunculus: illustrating the location and amount of cortical area dedicated to a particular function The area of cortex and the mass of the body part: not proportional! Hands, lips have larger representation Medial lemniscus 内侧丘系 脊髓 延髓 延髓 脑桥 中脑 间脑 大脑 脑干 代表性通路I:触觉 代表性通路II:视觉 In cortex: To cortex: 代表性通路III:听觉 代表性通路IV:前庭 Is there a primary vestibular cortex? 皮层的分层 Varied across areas, but typically have 6 layers: Granule cells Large pyramidal cells; dendrites from III, IV Dendrites Small granule cells; dendrites from V, VI Small pyramidal cells; dendrites from V, VI Variety of neurons; dendrites from III, IV 分子层 外颗粒层 外锥体层 内颗粒层 内锥体层 多形层 不同区的皮层分层 Brodmann (1909), 47 cytoarchitectonic areas in single human 结构和功能: Hardcover: 200$

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