Naval Architecture Principles - 船舶原理 CHP 2.pptVIP

Chapter II. Definition Regulation If W.L. is parallel to the baseline (keel line), the ship is floating evenly. Not parallel, the ship has a trim. Trim = da – df Trim (in radius) = (da – df )/ L Average draft = (da + df )/ 2 Free board (f.b) is the distance measured downwards from the deck to the W.L. Usually f.b. is minimum at midship Minimum f.b is required by International Law.  2.3. Hull characteristics (main coefficients) Displacement and Weight Relationship B (buoyancy) = W (weight). (conventional ship) B = W - F (other support force) (non-conventional ships) Δ – mold volume B = ρg Δ = γ Δ Appendage volume ≈ 1% Δ 2.3. Hull characteristics (main coefficients (non-dimensional) - Coefficient of Form ( Fatness of a hull) Block Coefficient CB where L= Lpp or Lbp and T = Draft CB 0.38~0.80 even bigger - Miship Section Coefficient CM = immersed area of mishap section (A) / (BT) 0.67~0.98 2.4 Displacement Tonnage Displacement: Load line (freeboard, draft) Dead weight: the difference between the load displacement up to the minimum permitted freeboard and the lightweight or light displacement. Lightwight: is the weight of the hull and machinery. 2.4 Displacement Tonnage Tonnage: A volume measure not a weight measure 1994 International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of ships (see p39) - Gross tonnage GT = K1 V - Net tonnage 2.5 Rules and Regulations The rules and regulations are issued by organizations which may be divided into three categories: -Classification societies: have established standards of construction by the production of rules which have done much to ensure the safety of ships. -Governmental Authorities: concern for the safety of ships and the well being of all who sail the ships. (behavior of the people) Load line (freeboard, draft, Tonnage) See Figure 3.5 at p41 International Authoriti