《信息管理与信息系统专业英语》MIS2.ppt

《信息管理与信息系统专业英语》Unit3—Introduction to MIS,ERPSC --Part I (MIS) Part I--MIS In this session, we will cover the following parts: Information and Information Entropy Part I—MIS-- information and information entropy Vocabulary Summary Information entropy /information theory / probability distribution / plus/ subtract (deduce) /multiply /divide / square (square-root) /cube (cube-root)/ formula / function/expression nth-power /nth-root Part I—MIS-- information and information entropy Vocabulary Summary / positive number/ negative number/ real-number/ imaginary number/ Decimal /fraction/ remainder/integer non-lossy compression discrete mathematic/ higher mathematic/ probability theory/ Part I—MIS-- information and information entropy Vocabulary Summary geometry / statistics/ linear algebra/ operation research N-ary entropy First-order Part I--MIS 马上要举行世界杯赛了。大家都很关心谁会是冠军。假如我错过了看世界杯，赛后我问一个知道比赛结果的观众“哪支球队是冠军”？ 他不愿意直接告诉我， 而要让我猜，并且我每猜一次，他要收一元钱才肯告诉我是否猜对了，那么我需要付给他多少钱才能知道谁是冠军呢? Part I--MIS 我可以把球队编上号，从 1 到 32， 然后提问： “冠军的球队在 1-16 号中吗?” 假如他告诉我猜对了， 我会接着问： “冠军在 1-8 号中吗?” 假如他告诉我猜错了， 我自然知道冠军队在 9-16 中。 这样只需要五次， 我就能知道哪支球队是冠军。所以，谁是世界杯冠军这条消息的信息量只值五块钱。 Part I—MIS-- information and information entropy Entropy is a concept in thermodynamics(热力学) (see thermodynamic entropy), statistical mechanics(统计力学) and information theory. The concepts of information and entropy have deep links with one another (each other), although it took many years for the development of the theories of statistical mechanics and information theory to make this apparent (easily seen or under- stood ). This article is about information entropy, the information-theoretic formulation(形成) of entropy Part I—MIS-- information and information entropy Basic concept The basic concept of entropy in information theory describes how much randomness(无序性，随机性) in a signal or in a random event. An alternative way to understand this is to talk about how much information is carried by the s