digestion 消化.pptVIP

* Absorption of Fats * Absorption of Nutrients Proteins and carbohydrates: active transport Lipids: broken down and reassembled Water: osmosis Vitamins and minerals: assorted means * The Intestinal Wall D). Internal structures of a single villus, showing the capillary and lymphatic supplies E). A villus in sectional view (LM X 252) * The structure of the small intestine (ileum) in relation to its functions The millions of finger-like villi cover the entire surface of the intestinal lining. The villi are greatly folded to increase the surface area for absorption. The wall of the villi are thin (with only one layer of epithelial cells) and this permit the food to diffuse through easily. The epithelial cells lining the villi have cylindrical projections called brush border micro-villi. These further increase the surface area of absorption. The villi contain blood capillaries to absorb glucose and amino acids through the hepatic portal system to the liver. The villi contain lacteals to absorb fatty acids and glycerol. Glandular cells in epithelial lining which secrete digestive enzymes for digestion of food molecules as they pass through. Circular and longitudinal muscles involved with peristalsis. They mix the digestive juices with chyme so promoting hydrolysis of food by the enzymes. Mucus secretion which protects epithelium. * * The Intestinal WallCrypt of Lieberkuhn? Cells secrete proteins, fluids, electrolytes– Paneth cells – secrete proteins– Goblet cells – secrete mucus? These cells also serve as protectivebarrier against pathogens? Epithelial cells undergo mitosis and travelto tips of villi the sloghed off? Intestinal cell turnover is rapid ~ 3-5 days Absorption in large intestine * * Nutrients:Utilized or Stored Until Needed 2006 Paper IIB Q.8 * 2006 Paper IIB Q.8 * * Liver Largest gland in the body Has two lobes—large right and small left Contains approximately 100,000 lobules that serve as structural and functional units Triads, consisting of