An-elliptic-generalization-of-Schur’s-Pfaffan-identity.pdfVIP

An elliptic generalization of Schur’s Pfaffian identity Soichi OKADA∗ Abstract We present a Pfaffian identity involving elliptic functions, whose rational limit gives a generalization of Schur’s Pfaffian identity for Pf((x −x )/(x + x )). This identity is regarded j i j i as a Pfaffian counterpart of Frobenius identity, which is an elliptic generalization of Cauchy’s determinant identity for det(1/(x + x )). i j 1 Introduction Let [x] denote a nonzero holomorphic function on the complex plane C in the variable x satisfying the following two conditions: (i) [x] is an odd function, i.e., [−x] = −[x]. (ii) [x] satisfies the Riemann relation: [x + y][x − y][u + v][u − v] − [x + u][x − u][y + v][y − v] + [x + v][x − v][y + u][y − u] = 0. It is known that such a function [x] is obtained from one of the following functions by the trans- formation [x] → eax2+b [cx] (see [10, Chap. XX, Misc. Ex. 38]): (a) (elliptic case) [x] = σ (x) (the Weierstrass sigma function). (b) (trigonometric case) [x] = ex − e−x . (c) (rational case) [x] = x. G. Frobenius [2] gave the following determinant identity: [x − x ][y − y ] [z + n x + n y ] [z + x + y ] 1≤ij ≤n j i j i i=1 i j =1 j i j det = · . (1) [z][x + y ] [x + y ] [z] i j 1≤i,j ≤n 1