关于不定式的用法.docVIP

关于不定式的用法 什么是不定式? 1.不定式是非限定动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，一般由to＋原形动词构成，有时可不带to或不可带to。2.不定式的简单式由to＋原形动词构成，其动作发生的时间和主要动词所发生的时间一致或在之后。I am glad to see you.我见到你很高兴。（动作am glad与see you同时发生。）They promised to raise money for us.他们答应为我们筹备款项。（动作promised发生在raise money for us之前。）3.不定式的进行时由to＋BE＋现在分词构成，表示其动作发生的时间和主要动词发生的时间一致。I pretended to be sleeping.我假装正在睡觉。She was found to be stealing money in the store.她正在商店里面偷东西时被人发现。4.不定式的完成时由to＋HAVE＋过去分词，表示其动作在主要动词发生的时间以前发生。I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.很抱歉让你久等了。She seemed to have known the facts.她似乎已经知道事实真相了。5.不定式也有被动式，基本形式是to＋BE＋过去分词。【参见动名词】The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.明天要开的会是很重要的。 什么是原形不定式? 1.原形不定式是不加to的不定式。2.原形不定式用在助动词后；ought，used除外。It cant be true.这不可能是真的。You ought to tell me.你应该告诉我。3.原形不定式用在感官动词see，hear，feel，watch，look at，listen to后，但在它们的被动语态中要用带to的不定式或现在分词。I heard her sing a good song.我听到她唱一首好歌。She was heard to sing a good song.有人听到她唱一首好歌。She was heard singing a good song.有人听到她正在唱一首好歌。4.原形不定式用在使役动词let，make，help，have后，但在它们的被动语态中，要用带to的不定式。He made us laugh.他使我们笑。We were made to laugh.我们被弄笑了。5.原形不定式的惯用法。【参见感官动词，使役动词】You had better finish your homework.你最好完成你的功课。I would rather stay at home than go to the movies.我宁愿在家里也不愿去看电影。All that we do every day is study.我们每天做的只是研读。 不定式在句中的作用 1.不定式作名词，可当主语，宾语或补语。To forgive is divine.宽恕是神圣的。（不定式to forgive作主语。）I try to keep calm.我努力保持平静。（不定式to keep calm作宾语。）My aim is to win the match.我的目的是赢得比赛。（不定式to win the match作主语补语。）It is dangerous to drive fast.开快车是危险的。（不定式to drive fast作宾语补语。）2.不定式作形容词，有形容词的限定用法和形容词的叙述用法。I want to find something to eat.我想找点东西吃。（形容词的限定用法：to eat修饰前面的不定代词something。）We are to leave for Japan next Friday.我们下星期五去日本。（形容词的叙述用法：to leave作主语补语。）I think it to be my mistake.我认为是我的错误。（形容词的叙述用法：to be作宾语补语。）3.不定式作副词，可修饰动词，形容词或其他副词。He hurried to the railway station to find that the train had gone.他赶到火车站发现火车已经开了。（to find修饰动词，表示结果。）I am glad to meet you.我见到你很高兴。（to meet you修饰形容词，表示原因。）He is too tired to go to work.他太累了