仪表与量测PPT课件-Chapter 6 Tools and Methods of Signal Analysis精选.ppt

DSP - Averaging - Exponential (Forgetting) The use of the first order LPF is equivalent to an integration of duration T=2K. Tm must be larger than 2K. Bandlimit of the LPF must be smaller than that of the input signal. 1/Q ?t + + + - Impulse Response Expected Value Variance DSP - Averaging - Exponential - Comparison Boxcar Integrator: with integration length T. If the sampled quantization noise is white, the noise reduction is 2Bo/fx. 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 |H(f)|,dB 0.1/T 1/(?T) 1/T 2/T 3/T 10/T f Boxcar integrator DSP - Averaging - Exponential - Discrete 0.5 1.0 0 0 |H(f)| DSP - Averaging - Moving Average It is also called running sample mean - samples are averaged within a small neighborhood of a time instant. The NDt is usually chosen to a value much smaller than the time length of the variation in the signal. The width of the quivalent frequency function is much larger than the bandlimit of the signal. High frequency noise and periodic disturbances of frequency K/NDt can b e effectively supressed. DSP - Averaging - Moving Average 1 0 0 |H(f)| N=2 N=5 N25 f Samples taken from the same position of a repetitive waveform, buried in noise. Trigger pulses which synchronize to the signal are necessary. The sampling frequency is exactly equal to the frequency of the fundamental harmonic. The attenuation is 0dB at every multiple of the fundamental frequency. Signal will not be attenuated at all. In the next example, the trigger are easily generated from the known signal. The variance can be similarly determined as for the moving average. DSP - Averaging - Signal Enhancement DSP - Averaging - Signal Enhancement ~ H Trigger generator Trigger System under test + + DSP - Averaging - Signal Enhancement 1 0 0 |H(f)| N=2 N=5 N=20 f 1/T 2/T SNR = -10dB. B=2kHz. Ps=0.1V2. T=100ms. N=1000. Moving Average is performed, Nm=20. How large is the improvement in SNR, what is the width of th e95% confidence interval of the instantaneous value?