大工12春《大学英语4》辅导资料三.docVIP

大学英语4辅导资料三 主 题：对Unit 2语法点——虚拟语气的讲解（3） 学习时间：2012年4月16日－4月22日 内 容： 4．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。这与以上三种情况不同，虚拟语气的谓语动词形式没有遵循以上规律。 例如: If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。) If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast. 如果她过去没有刻苦训练的话，就不会跑得这么快。（从句动作指的是过去，主句指的是现在的情况）(Fact: She has trained very hard, so she is able to run fast now.) If you had practiced speaking English every day, you would speak English well enough. 如果你当初每天都练习说英语的话，你的英语就会说得很好。（从句动作指的是过去，主句指的是现在的情况） （fact: You didn’t practice speaking English every day, so you can’t speak it well enough.） 5. 以上句型可以转换成以下形式： 1）条件状语从句省略if： 在书面语中，如果条件状语从句的谓语中有were, had 或should, 就可以省略if, 并将were, had 或should 放到句首，谓语主语之前，用 “Were/Had/Should + 主语”的形式。 这种虚拟语气在意义上与带if 的条件状语从句相同。当然，如果从句没有were, had, 或should,就不能省略if. 例如： If I were to do it, I’d do it some other way. → Were I to do it, I’d do it some other way. If you should fail, try again. → Should you fail, try again. If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. → Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. 但是，If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 这句话if 就不能省略。 而且，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。 如我们可以说： Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. 但不能说： Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy. 翻译小练习： 1. Were I you, I would get up early every morning. 2. Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train. 3. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 答案： 1. 如果我是你，我每天早上就早起床。 2. 假如你昨天早十分钟到达火车站，你就赶上火车了。 3. 要是明天有会议，我就会来。 2) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。（可以改为条件状语从句） 例如： Without air, there would be no living things. But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. Without electricity human life would be quite different today. 练习：请用介词短语代替条件状语从句。 1. 假如没有水，任何东西都不能生存。 2. 要不是你的帮助，我就失败了。 3. 如果没有恰当的控制手段，核反应堆就会爆炸。 答案： 1. Without air,