总结液压缸元件统筹规程考点.doc

大学英语B语法考点总结及例题（3） 三、非谓语动词形式 总结大学英语B的几套语法试题，可以看出考查热点主要集中在以下几个方面：虚拟语气，定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词形式、倒装、主谓一致、倍数和时态。我们这一讲主要集中在非谓语动词形式。 非谓语动词形式包括三种形式：动词不定式、分词以及动名词。 一、动词不定式： 大家要掌握的要点： 动词不定式的结构： 主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 To be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done I hope to see you. I hope to see you again. （一般式） I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. (完成式) 动词不定式的用途： １）作定语 （1） 动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后有必要的介词。例如： He’s a pleasant fellow to work with. There’s nothing to worry about. （2） 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如：time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。例如： Women should have the right to receive education. There is no time to hesitate. （3）the first, the second, the last, the best等之后用不定式做定语。例如： The monitor will be the first to come. He was the last man to blame. ２）　作状语 （1） 作目的状语。 不定式作状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般置于句子末尾。但是，如果表示强调，亦可置于句首。其否定形式为：在不定式符号前加not。例如： He went to Shanghai to visit his parents. To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted. I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. （2） 作结果状语。例如： We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. She left home, never to return again. ?3） 作原因状语 不定式做原因状语时，一般放在句子末尾。例如： She burst into laughter to see his funny action. The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene. 考点： 宾语的结构形式： 1．在有些动词的后面跟动词不定式结构作宾语，有的需要动名词作宾语，大家需要熟记下列动词。下列动词需要动词不定式作宾语。 e.g. He decided to marry her. afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 例句： I can’t afford to to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。 I hesitate to disagree with you . 我不愿意与你意见相左。 I want to speak to the manager. I want you to speak to the manager. I advise you to leave. 下列动词需要用动名词作宾语。 Stop enjoy fancy a