英汉文化对比范文.docxVIP

Synthetic: characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships.Analytic: characterized by a relatively frequent use of function word, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms.表达语法关系三大手段：morphologic change(形态变化)，word order, function word(虚词)英汉表达方法的差异：英语有形态变化，汉语无。(英语conjugation, declension, affixation, 有严格规则，汉语悟性思维)英语语序灵活，汉语相对固定。（英语语序倒置现象：结构性，功能性，汉语功能性居多；汉语定语在名词前，英语定语灵活；英语充分利用三大语法手段，straight line, deductive, genera-to-specific,汉语circular line, inductive）英汉都有大量虚词，各有特点（英语常使用定/不定冠词；汉语常使用助词；英常用介词，汉少用；英用并列从属的连接词）英语是语调语言（intonation）,汉声调语言（tone）（intonation, stress,汉音节匀称，成双成对）Hypotactic(形合)：the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives.英语常用Paratactic（意合）: the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them.汉语常用Parataxis refers to the situation where the connection between words or clauses is realized by meaning or the logical relation; while hypotaxis refers to the situation where the connection is realized by means of linguistic form.英语的形合法：relatives and conjunctions; prepositions; other means of connection; inflection(internal form, additive form, external form)作者责任型语言writer-responsible汉语意合法：word order; repetition, parallelism, contrast; contracted sentences; four-character pattern; 读者责任型reader-responsible关于形合，意合和文体：英语形合句多，汉语意合句多，数量与文体密切相关；书面语形合句比口语多；现代汉语形合句比古汉语多；现代庄重文体科技文体论述文体形合句多。英语impersonal, 汉语personal: 英语非人称主语inanimate subject/it：preparatory, unspecified, emphatic,汉语人称主语；英语常用被动式，非人称表达法impersonal passive,汉语主动式，人称泛称隐称表达法。英客体意识，汉主体意识Euphemism(委婉语): a mild or vague or periphrastic expression as a substitute for blunt precision or disagreeable truth. Vagueness is the soul of euphemism. (official/ occupational/educational/other fields: poverty, death, age, looks, physical defeats )Implicitness(含蓄)：汉语倾向于直截了当(敬辞，谦辞，婉言，委婉语)，英语常低调陈述（understatement: make big things seem trifle）,间接肯定