专业英语28-33.docVIP

28. Machining Fundamentals Vocabulary: machining [?????????] 加工 universally [?????????????] 一般的; 普遍的; 普通的 form [????] 形状, 形态 workpiece [?????????] 工件 chip [????] 碎片，屑片 portable [????????] 手提(式)的, 便携式的 raw [???] 未加工的 available [?????????] 可用到的, 可利用的 exterior [??????????] 外部的, 表面的 desire [???????] 期望, 希望 logically [??????????] 论理上, 逻辑上 finish [??????] (表面)deformation [??????????????] 变形 internal [????????] 内(部)的 Text: Machining as a shape-producing method is the most universally used and the most important of all manufacturing processes. Machining is a shape-producing process in which a power-driven device causes material to be removed in chip form. Most machining is done with equipment that supports both the workpiece and cutting tool although in some cases portable equipment is used with unsupported workpiece. Low setup cost for small quantities. Machining has two applications in manufacturing. For casting, forging, and pressworking, each specific shape to be produced, even one part, nearly always has a high tooling cost. The shapes that may be produced by welding depend to a large degree on the shapes of raw material that are available. By making use of generally high cost equipment but without special tooling, it is possible, by machining, to start with nearly any form of raw material, so long as the exterior dimensions are great enough, and produce any desired shape from any material. Therefore, machining is usually the preferred method for producing one or a few parts, even when the design of the part would logically lead to casting, forging or pressworking if a high quantity were to be produced. Close accuracies, good finishes. The second application for machining is based on the high accuracies and surface finishes possible. Many of the parts machined in low quantities would be produced with lower but acceptable tolerances if produced in high quantities by some other process. On the other hand, many parts are given their general shapes by some high qu