顾炎武《音学五书》入声韵研究——k尾入声韵的离析word格式论文.docxVIP

摘要顾炎武是明末清初的经学大师，在哲学、经学、史学和小学等各方面都有深入 研究和重要贡献，是杰出的思想家、经学家和音韵学家，被后人称为清代古音学的 “开山之祖”。顾炎武的古韵学造诣颇深，他所创的入配阴声理论、离析《唐韵》 的研究方法和古韵十部的建立受到了古音学家的赞同。他的古音学著作《音学五书》 在清代古音学史上占有重要地位，具有划时代的意义。《音学五书》从理论和实践 上彻底的否定了叶韵说，奠定了古音学研究的基础。顾炎武以离析的方法将古韵分 为十部，堪称古韵研究方法的典范。顾炎武及其音韵学理论为古音学研究奠定了坚 实的基础，后世的音韵学家研究古音，深受顾氏音学理论的影响，从顾氏的研究成 果中得到启示。顾炎武及其著作《音学五书》不单开拓了清代音韵学研究的新领域，还为现今 的古韵研究提供了宝贵的经验。顾炎武的古韵研究贡献除了广为人知的入配阴声体 系的开创以及建立了一整套以考据学为基础的古音学体系外，主要还是他对入声韵 分部研究所作出的巨大贡献。顾炎武离析入声韵，将三十四个入声韵目中的“屋、 沃、觉、药、铎”等韵一分为二派入四部相配阴声，尤其是顾炎武对- k 尾入声韵的 离析，对后代入声研究影响巨大，后之学者江永、段玉裁、江有诰等皆接受其入声 韵部的划分，虽然顾炎武在入声与阴声的具体相配关系上稍有欠缺，但瑕不掩玉， 顾氏首创之丰功伟绩之贡献仍不可磨灭，为汉语音韵学史所铭记，名垂千古。后世研究者对顾炎武的入声分部尤其是- k 尾入声韵的研究很少，而种种古音研 究资料表明，顾炎武在入声分部方面的贡献尤为重要。以《音学五书·唐韵正》中 对入声韵字的离析为例，顾炎武离析“屋、沃、烛、觉、药、铎、陌、麦、昔、锡” 等 10 个带- k 尾的入声韵，除了“屋”韵三分外，其余九韵基本是一分为二。顾炎 武离析之精审得当，后世学者段玉裁、戴震、江有诰等人都有过极高的评价，而清 儒研究上古入声韵部在很大程度上皆是借力于此。关键词：顾炎武；《音学五书》；离析；- k 尾入声韵；阴入相配AbstractGu Yanwu was a celebrated scholar in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty .He had a lot of gigantic achievement in philosophy, classics, history and ancient Chinese linguistics. As a celebrated scholar, Gu Yanwu was respeceted as “the founder of ancient Chinese linguistics in qing dynasty”. Gu Yanwu’s theory of Ru sheng match Yin sheng, method of analyse Tang Yun ,and the ten parts of ancient phonology were praised by other scholars until today. Gu Yanwu’s achievement of ancient phonology embody in his book Yin Xue Wu Shu .This book had great attribution in ancient phonology of Qing Dynasty and gains highly praise in academic study. Gu Yanwu againsted Xie Yun thoroughly from theory to methods, and his study established the foundation of ancient phonology. The method of analyse Tang Yun that classified ancient phonology for ten parts be known as the model of similar aspects. Gu Yamwu and his theory created the new field in ancient phonology of Qing Dynasty. Almost the all scholars of Qing Dynasty who birthed after Gu Yanwu affected by Gu’s theory, and many of them got inspiration from Gu’s ten parts of ancient phonology.Gu Yanwu and his