国家与社会二元视角下的苏州警察与商团1903～1936word格式论文.docxVIP

优秀毕业论文 精品参考文献资料 摘 要 鸦片战争打破了中国传统家国一体国家共同体模式，国家与社会开始急剧分化， 太平天国一役，社会力量崛起。清末新政，开始了现代国家建构的努力，现代国家治 安的代表-警察出现在中国。但此时政府与社会对于国家与社会二元各自的职责认识 尚不清晰，传统的家国一体共同体的理念尚在人心，故清末民初不少城市中出现了治 安权二元分享的局面，苏州是为其典型。 中国自清末起，一直处于内忧外患、军阀混战割据、内部派系争斗的状态，苏州 商贸的繁荣迫切需要一个稳定的治安秩序，而政府统辖之警察素质太差不能担负起治 安重任，故需要借助于社会力量去维持秩序，所以商团和警察二元共维治安就显得合 乎情理，这种二元治安模式自 1906 年苏商体育会诞生起，一直持续到南京国民政府 时期，存在近 30 年。南京国民政府时期，随着国家现代化构建的逐步完善、警察的 日益专业化，国家开始逐步收回社会上本应属于国家的社会治安权，故对苏州商团采 取了收编或迫令解散的措施，最终，商团作为社会力量的代表被迫宣布自我解散，国 家开始回归于之前国家一元独揽全部社会权利的局面。 关键词: 国家与社会 , 二元模式 , 苏州警察 , 苏州商团 Mas Master Dissertation of Suzhou University of Science and Technology Abstract Ⅱ Ⅱ Abstract The traditional Chinese Home Country Unity -National Community Mode was broken by the Opium War, consequently, the polarization was sharply dramatically increasing between State and Society, and with the addition of The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,the societal forces was suddenly appeared on the horizon. The New Deal in the Late Qing Dynasty initiated the course of construction of modern state, The Police which was the representative of public security of modern state appeared in China. However, both the State and Society had not known respective responsibilities clearly, the traditional concept of Home Country Unity was deeply rooted among the people. As a result, the situation that Police Power was enjoyed by the binary State and Society emerged in quite a few cities during the Late-Qing and the early Republic of China,the typical case of the situation was Suzhou. Domestic strife and foreign aggression, warlordism and separatism,and internal faction fights were prevalent in China since the Late-Qing.However,the prosperity of Suzhou trade was in sore need of stable public security,the Police couldn’t burden with duties of keeping law and order because of their Poor quality, hence there was a need to keeping law and order by means of societal forces. Consequently, Merchant Corps and the Police kept law and order together reasonablely.This binary Model of Managing Publi