English Rhetoric (修辞与翻译）.ppt

English Rhetoric I. Introduction 1.1 What is rhetoric? 1.2 What are figures of speech? 1.3 Why do we use it? 1.4 Where do we use it? 1.5 Classification I. Introduction 1.1 What is rhetoric? 1)Rhetoric was defined by Aristotle as “the art of persuasion”. 2)John Locke, the noted English philosopher of the latter part of the 17th century, said that “rhetoric was the science of oratory, the art of speaking with elegance, and force”. 3)Rhetoric is one of the three original liberal arts (the other members are dialectic and grammar). While it has meant many different things during its 2500-year history, it is generally described today as the art of persuasion through language. the art of speaking or writing effectively (Websters Definition) It concerns with 1) punctuation, 2) diction（措词，用词）, 3) principles of good writing and usage, 4) figures of speech（修辞格）. 1.2 What are figures of speech? Rhetorical devices of deviations（偏离）from the ordinary or literal way of expression, with a view to producing greater impressiveness and effect. (修辞格是偏离一般或本义表达的修辞方法，目的在于取得最佳的表达效果） They are ways of making language figurative. It is the art of using the language effectively. Why do we use it? Comparison: A. Figurative ： Each purple peak, each flinty( 燧石的) spire(尖端)， was bathed in floods of living fire. 每个紫色山峰，每个岩石尖端，都沐浴在熊熊火焰的洪流之中。 B. Literal meaning : 1. The evening sun shone on the tops of high mountains and rocks. A. Figurative ： 2. Life is a walking shadow. (or: Life is a brief candle.) B. Literal meaning : 2. Life is short and meaningless. 1.3 Why do we use it? － main functions of figures of speech Exciting the imagination and affording readers imaginative pleasure Bringing imagery into speech to concretize the abstract Adding emotional intensity to informative statements Being a means of speaking volumes(含义很深) in a few words 1.4 Where do we use it? speaking writing Literature－ poetry, prose, drama, fictional and non-