自考2015年自考现代英语语法专业考点要点复习资料.docVIP

课文内容 Chapter 1 The Structure of the English Sentence 一、复习建议 本章是全书的绪论，简明扼要地介绍了本书所涉及的内容，目的是使学员对语法有个总的了解，为后面学习各章节打好基础。由于绪论中大部分内容比较简单，所以有一定语法基础的学员可以快读和跳读。因为该章内容比较基础，概括性较强，所以历年考试中涉及的很少，只在2007年4月的考试中考查了简单动词和复杂动词的区别。 二、本章重要知识点 【例题】1. What is the difference between a simple verb phrase and a complex verb phrase? (P16) 本题的关键在于对简单动词和复杂动词区别的理解记忆。 【答案】The difference is that the former goes without auxiliaries and the latter goes with it. 【例题】2. Distinguish root, stem, and base as morphological terms. 词根、词干、词基作为形态学术语的区别 (P8) 【答案】A root is that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed. (e.g. force in enforce and touch in untouchables). A root is not further analyzable in morphological terms. A stem has to do with inflectional features and is the part that remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. (e.g. chair in chairs, work in worked). A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added (e.g. touch in touchable, touchable in untouchable, and untouchable in untouchables). 去掉所有词缀剩余的那一部分叫词根。从形态学上无法将词根进一步划分；词干和词的屈折变化有关，是去掉词的所有屈折词缀后剩余的那一部分；词基是可以加任何词缀的任何形式。 Chapter 2 Sentence Types 一、复习建议 本章主要讨论英语中四种基本句子类型（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句）的语法功能和交际功能。不规则附加疑问句是本章近几年来考查的首要重点，不仅多次以改写句子的题型进行考查，也多次以单项选择或填空题的形式进行考查，学员要务必掌握该知识点。否定句中否定词的选择考查的也不少，仅在2009年4月一套试卷中就考查了四次，因此也要重点掌握。 本章重要术语：declarative(s)陈述句；interrogative(s)疑问句；imperative(s)祈使句；exclamative(s)/ exclamations感叹句；assertive肯定的；assertion肯定；non-assertive非肯定的；non-assertion非肯定；negative否定的；negation否定；semi-negative半否定词；transferred negation否定转移；tag question/question tag附加疑问句；modal auxiliaries情态动词 二、本章重要知识点 （一）否定词的选择 1.否定句可以用不同的形式来加强否定语气，常用的加强词是never，如I’ve never been there before.的语气比I haven’t been there before.强。另外还有其他的加强感情色彩的词。如： She doesn’t like him at all. I’ve never in all my life seen such a swarm of ants. Not a single candidate managed to pass the test. These goods are by no means satisfactory. 2. none和neither 是两个相关的否定词，none相当于not any（用于三个或三个以上），neither相当于not one nor the other（用于两个之间）。如： They have test