Chapter 5 Forging Processes and Die Design（锻造工艺及模具）.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Forging Processes and Die Design（锻造工艺及模具） Lesson 20 Forging Processes and Die Design Lesson 21 Basic Machine Tool Elements Lesson 22 Milling Lesson 20 Forging Processes and Die Design Forging is one of the most important manufacturing operations.It is a plastic deformation process similar to extrusion but,unlike extrusion,it can be used to manufacture complex 3-D parts.Forging can be classified into three main categories:open-die forging,impression-die forging and closed-die forging. Open-Die Forging The process is schematically illustrated in Fig.20-1.At least one of the workpiece surfaces deforms freely,and hence the open-die forging process produces parts of lesser accuracy and dimensional tolerance than impression-die or Lesson 20 Forging Processes and Die Design closed-die forging.However,the tooling is simple,relatively inexpensive and can be designed and manufactured with ease. Impression-Die Forging This forging process is schematically illustrated in Figure 20-2 .It can be used to produce complex 3-D shapes having a greater accuracy than closed-die forging.The specially manufactured dies contain the negative of the forging to be produced.In one form of the process,the shape is obtained by filling the die cavity formed by the upper and lower dies.Excess material is allowed to escape into the Lesson 20 Forging Processes and Die Design flash.There may or may not be special provision for flash formation. These dies are illustrated in Fig.20-3 and Fig.20-4. The die cavity must be filled without defects.Complex shape cannot be filled completely without defects,one operation starting with a rectangular or cylindrical shape.Some preforging steps are necessary to ensure complete filling of the dies without defect formation.The preforging(preforms can be produced in other forging operations such as open-die or in the same die with different die cavities,or be other processes such as rolling or roll-forging. Lesson 20 Forging Processes and Die Design The pre