极地上空臭氧空洞-保护环境!.ppt

03/04/2002 Paul A. Newman Polar Stratospheric Ozone Dr. Paul A. Newman /People/Newman/ NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center IPY Webcast NASA GSFC Nov. 3, 2008 Ozone Basic Facts Atmospheric Composition Nitrogen 78.1% Oxygen 20.9% Argon 0.9% Water 1.4% (tropics) 0.2% (poles) 0.0004% (stratosphere) CO2 0.0360% O3 0.001% (stratosphere) 0.00001% (troposphere) Digression: Dobson Units UV Health Facts UV pluses: produces vitamin D in the skin - necessary to maintain levels of calcium and phosphorus (10-15 minutes twice a week) UV minuses: Eye damage: cataracts, photokerititus (snowblinding), ocular cancers Skin cancers: basal, squamous, melanoma photoaging Damage to various land speciesDamage to aquatic species Increased pollution levels in urban environments Large polar ozone losses result from chlorine and bromine compounds that are mainly human produced Source Gases Atmospheric Chlorine Trends from NOAA/ERL - Climate Monitoring Division Polar Stratospheric Clouds Antarctic ozone hole theory Polar Ozone Destruction Antarctic Measurements October Antarctic Ozone pre-1985 October Antarctic Ozone TOMS - August 31, 2003 Ozone Hole Area October Average Ozone Hole March Average total ozone Arctic Antarctic Trends What’s being done? What Can You Do? Avoid excessive solar exposure (limit sun between 11AM and 2PM). Wear and encourage others to wear sunscreen (SPF rating of 15). Even with sunscreen, prolonged exposure is not smart. Check your skin regularly. Wear sunglasses that screen UV. Hats and other coverings Make note of the UV index on the news or web: /sunwise/uvindex.html Atmospheric Chlorine Trends from NOAA/ERL - Climate Monitoring Division Antarctic EESC Ozone future Summary Stratospheric ozone is a critical gas for screening solar UV radiation. Human produced ozone destroying substances (ODS) have caused large losses of polar ozone over both poles ODSs have been regulated under international agreements and are slowly decreasing. Oz