Unit 3 翻译的标准-2.pptVIP

Unit 3 翻译的标准 I.(Related Vocabulary) 严复是我国清末新兴资产阶级的启蒙思想家，咸丰三年（1854）生于福州。他从光绪二十四年到宣统三年（1898-1911）这十三年间潜心翻译，所译作品多为西方政治经济学，如《天演论》。根据自己多年翻译实践，严复在1898年出版的《天演论》译文中提出了自己的翻译标准，严复说，译者三难：信、达、雅。(faithfulness, expressiveness,elegance) 信─--忠实原作（思想、风格、原作者的立场）； 达──译文通顺，易懂； 雅─--译文优美，尔雅。 鲁迅先生提出，“忠实，通顺”(faithfulness, smoothness)。所谓信， 就是忠实原作的风格、思想。“通顺”，即达、雅。译文通顺，易懂。但达与信，忠实与通顺，两者是统一的，不能舍其一面而单纯求其另一面。二者是相辅相成的。忠实而不通顺，读者看不懂，也就谈不到忠实；通顺而不忠实，脱离原作的内容与风格，通顺也就失去作用，使译文成为杜撰或乱译。例如： 1.Any use of the atomic bomb on Manchurian targets would be more for purpose of panic than of destruction. 2.“I kep(kept）it from her after I heard on it,” said Mr.Peggotty, “going on nigh (near) a year. We was ( were)living then in a solitary place, but among the beautifullest trees, and with the roses ( a) - covering our Bein to the roof...” ３．Unless the gas is confined in a rigid container, it will expand, as may be illustrated with a heated balloon. 5. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man;… Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle (able to see and describe delicate differences; sensitive明察秋毫的); natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric,（修辞）able to contend. key ６.We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our minds to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. We talk about “up” and “down”, but we know that what is “down” for us is “up” for someone on the other side of the world. 充电 key 充电 to charge a battery; to charge oneself with new knowledge; to renew ones knowledge; to update ones knowledge 铁饭碗 key 铁饭碗 iron rice-bowl; fixed job; steady job II.一句多译 (Paraphrasing) 1．这种想法也许是站得住脚的。 key 1．这种想法也许是站得住脚的。 A． This view may be tenable. B． This idea is perhaps defensible. C． Maybe this belief is valid. D． Possibly, this opinion might hold water. 2．我就会落伍甚至会被淘汰。 key 2．我就会落伍甚至会被淘汰。 A． It is possible for me to fall behind, and ev