音乐概论之中世纪时期.pptVIP

Music: An Appreciation8th Editionby Roger Kamien 第二部份 中世紀時期 Time-Line 中世紀音樂 (450-1450) Rome sacked by Vandals—455 Beowolf/北歐英雄史詩—c. 700 First Crusade—1066 Black Death—1347-52 Joan of Arc executed by English—1431 中世紀 是一個充滿遷移、動亂和戰爭的時 Chpt. 1: 中世紀世俗音樂 教會控制音樂活動 Chpt 2:教會 (Gregorian格雷果) 聖歌 是羅馬普世教會禮拜儀式的音樂 自1962- 1965梵諦岡大公會議以來，已不再那麼普遍 拉丁文歌詞的單聲部歌曲 節奏具有彈性，沒有拍號，拍子有些許節奏的感覺 是以教皇Gregory I (格雷果一世 r. 590-604)而得名 原來沒有樂譜記載 西洋記譜發展歷經幾世紀 (see p. 66) 教會調式 Different ? and whole steps than modern scales Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian Listening Alleluia: Vidimus stellam (We Have Seen His Star) Listening Guide: p. 84 Brief Set, CD 1:48 Early Gregorian Chant Monophonic Ternary form: A B A Listening O Successores (You Successors) Hildegard of Bingen Listening Guide: p. 87 Brief Set, CD 1:51 Chant Originally written without accompaniment This recording includes a drone—long, sustained notes Note extended range of melody Written for nuns by a nun (to be sung in convent) Chpt 3: 中世紀世俗音樂 Troubadours (southern France) and Trouveres (northern France) Nobles wrote poems/songs for court use Performed by jongleurs (minstrels) Topics: courtly love, Crusades, dancing Estampie Medieval dance music Strong beat (for dancing) Notated as chant: only a single melody line Performers probably improvised accompaniment Listening example—Brief Set, CD 1:52 Chpt 4: 多聲部(複調)音樂的發展: Organum Between 700-900 a 2nd line added to chant Additional part initially improvised, not written Paralleled chant line at a different pitch 900-1200 added line grew more independent Contrary motion, then separate melodic curve c. 1100 note-against-note motion abandoned 2 lines w/ individual rhythmic and melodic content New part, in top voice, moved faster than the chant line School of Notre Dame: Measured Rhythm Parisian composers developed a rhythmic notation Chant notation had only indicated pitch, not rhythm Notre Dame’s choirmasters Leonin Perotin were leaders Medieval thought was that interval of 3rd dis