lexicon morphology 语言学导论课件技术方案.pptVIP

Chapter Three Lexicon;1. What is word?;1.1 Three senses of “word”词的三种含义;However, in casual speech or writing, it often becomes: Phonological: Orthographic: It’s wonderful. Are they two words or three?;A set of forms: general term+specific term walk, walks, walking, walked How many words are there? 1 words: general term 4 words: specific term I usually have dinner at 6 but yesterday I had it at seven. How many times did the word “have” occur?;1.2 Identification of words;A minimum free form: the smallest unit that can constitute a complete utterance by itself, eg --Is Jane coming tonight? --Possibly. Hi. Wonderful. --What is missing in a sentence such as Dog is barking? --A.;1.3 Classification of words;Grammatical vs. Lexical Words: Grammatical/Function words: conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns. (for constructing group, phrase, clause etc.) Lexical/Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.(for referring to substance, action and quality.);Closed-class vs. Open-class Words: Closed-class words: New members cannot normally be added, eg pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, auxiliaries. Open-class words: New members can be added, eg nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Uninterruptibility/blog/email Not so clear-cut. Complex prepositions Out of/regarding/ auxiliary verbs relatively closed.;Word class: known as Parts of Speech in traditional grammar. Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, pronoun, conjunction, interjection, article, etc. Some new terms in word class: Particle小品词、语助词: infinitive to, negative not, subordinate units in phrasal verbs “get by”, “look back”, etc. Auxiliary: different from verbs. P60 do, have3-10 Modal verbs: can, will, may, must, etc.;Pro-forms: substitutes for other terms. P60 Pronoun: he, she, I, they, everyone Pro-adjective: Your car is red. So is his. Pro-verb: He speaks English better than he did. Pro-adverb: He hopes to win and I hope so too. Pro-locative: He went there (to the classroom).;Det