Lipid Metabolic Disorders 大学动物营养学课件 英文版方案策划.pptVIP

Steatorrhea Excessive fat in feces (grey color, greasy appearance) indicative of maldigestion or malabsorbtion Most frequently seen in companion animals Pancreatic disorders Liver disorders Small intestinal problems 1: Secretion of bile, lipase, FABP 2: Fatty acid profile matters Broilers Sat FA not well digested Broilers 1.5 vs 7.5 weeks of age U:S ratio held constant at 2.0 1.5 vs 7.5 wks of age Digestibility (less solubilization of FFA due to a lack of monoglycerides, micelle formation; soap formation (FFA binds with Ca2+ or Mg2+) Rats Cottonseed oil 360°F is about the temp for deep frying, making french fries Lipid Use and Metabolic Disorders Fatty Acid Profile Major fatty acids in feed fats C16:0 Palmitic acid C16:1 Palmitoleic acid C18:0 Stearic acid C18:1 Oleic acid C18:2 Linoleic acid C18:3 Linolenic acid Unsaturated:saturated ratio = C16:1 + C18:1 + C18:2 + C18:3 C16:0 + C18:0 Types of Feed Fats and Oils Oils Vegetable oils Soapstocks = FA + salt ion (Na, K) Fats Tallow, lard Choice white grease Restaurant grease Blends Oils + fats Fat Sources Oil sources Soapstock Vegetable oil Restaurant grease Fat sources Pig and cattle tissues from: Slaughter plants, lockers Grocery stores Deadstock Age of oil/heat damage? % free fatty acids? Hydrogenated oil (trans fatty acids)? Variation due to ? U:S ratio ? % free-fatty acids ? Others Age and Energy Values (Poults) Age (weeks) ME (kcal/lb) Fat digestibility increases with age Free Fatty Acids and Energy Values 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Free Fatty Acids (%) ME (kcal/lb) 1) FFA are not digested as well as TGs 2) The problem is worse in young animals Old Young Heat Damage and Energy Values Heating time at 360°F (hrs) ME (kcal/lb) Heat damage progressively reduces the feeding value of restaurant grease Fat Deficiency Carnivore diets with under 5% total fat can induce essential fatty acid deficiencies Symptoms include dull hair coat, reproductive failure (testicular underdevelopment