大学新编语法答案.pptVIP

30讲　并列结构　　　 一．两个或俩个以上意义相关，层次相同，句法功能也相同，由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做并列结构。 1.并列结构的构成。 a.词与词：buy or sell good but expensive b.词组与词组：a teacher and a student one way or the other c. 分句与分句：the teacher’s name is smith ,and the student’s name (is) keith. d. 并列句: Mary is a nurse, her brother is a doctor ,and her parents are both famous writer. 2.并列连词与标点符号. 并列结构通常只在最后一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间仅用逗号连接. the are five types of discharge from military service: honorable, general, undesirable, bad conduct, and dishonorable. 例外： b. 有时全用连词，修辞上给人以悠闲、缓慢的感觉。 raising vegetables presets endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and hoeing and watering. c. 有时候也可全用逗号，修辞上给人以紧张急促的感觉。 Individuals are less troubled by feelings of guilty when they share responsibility for killing with a group ----a strange gang , lynch, terrorist organization. d.有时候为了同时达到两种效果，逗号与连词常常并用。除了逗号分号(;)，冒号(:)也能与并列连词连用。 e.连接性状语如accordingly, furthermore, hence, however等之前要用分号，而不是逗号，因为这些词为副词，不是连词. f.用冒号连接两个并列分句，通常对上文的解释与发挥. a house with an aging furnace costs more than the asking price suggests: ten dollars more a month in fuel means about eighty dollars more a year. 3.并列结构中的插入语 两个或以上的项目的并列结构，都可以在最后一个项目前插入一个词语，从而使这个项目处于更加突出的地位. 并列结构中的对称组合（四个或四个以上的并列项目），从而使结构更加紧凑。 Eg. Only a few cityare known as “good baseball towns”---Cincinnati, Detroit, Chicao ,Boston, Los Angeles and New Yurk. 修改之后：Only a few cityare known as “good baseball towns”---Cincinnati and Detroit, Chicao and Boston, Los Angeles and New Yurk. 30.2 并列连词的意义与用法 以为 and 代表的表示语意引申的并列连词。包括肯定和否定两种意义。and, both…and, not only…but (also), not…nor, neither…nor等。 And除语增补外，还有：表转折、顺序、因果、结果、对比等。 但是，and 连接的有的形似并列，实际并非并列。 Eg. This room is nice and warm (nicely warm). 2.以or 为代表的表选择的并列连词，or , either…or. a. You have to do it one way or the other. Either you or I must do it . b.除表选择外or , either…or还可表否定 Eg . Make up your mind, or you will miss the chance. c. not only…but (also), neither…nor, either…or.均可位于分句句首够