Chap 3_Lipids_酯类.ppt

Chapter 3. Lipids Introduction Storage lipids Structural lipids Active lipids Separation and analysis of lipids I. Introduction Membrane structure Biological Functions II. Storage Lipids Fatty acids (脂肪酸) Triacylglycerols (三酰甘油) Wax (蜡) 1. Fatty acids (脂肪酸) 1. Fatty acids (continued) (2). Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Saturated fatty acids (饱和脂肪酸): Flexible structure, with the fully extended conformation the most stable (结构灵活) Close packing (紧密堆积) High melting point (高熔点, e.g. beef oil) Unsaturated fatty acids (不饱和脂肪酸) : Slightly more abundant in nature ‘Kinks’ in the chain – resulting in flexible, fluid aggregates The most common one is oleic acie (油酸): 18:1 ?9c C=C bond usually in cis-form, rarely in trans-form Common location of C=C bonds: Monounsaturated: C9=C10 Polyunsaturated: C9=C10, C12=C13, C15=C16, 1. Fatty acids (continued) (3). Nomencluture (命名) 1. Fatty acids (continued) (4). Fatty acids in food Vegetable oils vs. animal oils and fats Unsaturated fatty acids vs. saturated fatty acids Unsaturated fatty acids: cis vs. trans Trans fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil Example 1. Olive oil – rich in oleic acid (monounsaturated) Example 2. Margarine – a substitute for butter 1. Fatty acids (continued) (5). Essential fatty acids (EFA, 必需脂肪酸) Essential fatty acids are those that are not synthesized by mammals and yet are necessary for normal growth and life. Those that must be obtained from diets: Linoleic acid (LA, 亚油酸), 18:2?9c,12c Linolenic acid (LNA, 亚麻酸), 18:3?9c,12c,15c Those that are not available from plants but can be synthesized from linoleic acid: Arachidonic acid (花生四烯酸), 20:4?5c,8c,11c,14c One major function of essential fatty acids is to serve as a precursor for the synthesis of eicosanoids (类二十烷酸), such as prostaglandins (前列腺素). Prostaglandins (前列腺素): Local hormones regulating the synthesis of cAMP, which mediates action of many hormones. 1. Fatty acids (continued) (6) Physical properties (物理性质) 1. Fatty acids (continued) (7). Chemical