(国际法教材）chapter 4State territory.pptxVIP

Chapter 4 State territory1. The concept of territory in international law2. Modes of traditional acquisition of additional territory3. New Modes of acquisition（取得）the state territory in modern international law4. Boundaries of state territory 国家边界5. Antarctica 南极1. The concept of territory in international lawState territory is the space within which the state exercises its supreme and exclusive authority. Such authority must be exercised in accordance with the international law. The territory of a state consists of the land, including its subsoil(底土), within its boundaries; If a state has a sea coast, certain waters which includes national water (or internal waters) (领水)and territorial sea(领海) are added to the territory; Besides, a further part of a state’s territory is its territorial airspace(领空), which consists of airspace above its land, its national waters and its territory sea. ----底土+领水+领海+领空2. Modes of traditional acquisition of additional territory 2.1 Prior Discovery and Occupation：发现和占领（先占）2.2 Cession 割让2.3 Accretion添附2.4 Prescription 时效2.5 Subjugation or conquest 征服2. Modes of traditional acquisition of additional territory 2.1 Prior Discovery and Occupation：----Discovery: after 18 century, effective occupation----Occupation: (1) The object of occupation is the territory which is terra nullius无主地 Western Sahara case (1975) Terria nullius: no title, uninhabited, inhabited but not a state Western Sahara case (1975) 一、根据当时的国家实践，凡在社会上和政治上有组织的部落或民族居住的土地就不能认为是无主地。 二、法院收到的资料表明，在沦为西班牙殖民地时居住在西撒哈拉领土的某些部落与摩洛哥之间有法律上效忠的关系。这些资料同样表明，在毛里塔尼亚实体与西撒哈拉领土之间存在着构成法律关系的权利，其中包括某些与土地有关的权利。但是，法院的结论是，它所收到的资料不足以证明摩洛哥王国或毛里塔尼亚实体与西撒哈拉领土之间有任何领土主权关系。因此，法院没有发现存在着哪种法律关系，其性质会影响在西撒哈拉通过该领土人民自由地、真实地表达其意愿实行自决的原则。2. Modes of traditional acquisition of additional territory 2.1 Prior Discovery and Occupation：发现和占领（先占）----Occupation: (2) The occupation must be exercised by a state and not by private individuals. (3)The occupation must be intended as a claim of sovereignty over the area. settl