化工专业英语part 年最新化学与化工专业英语课件以英文论文撰写为主大庆师范学院.ppt

Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places（繁殖地） of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult forms. 信息性摘要告诉读者论文的要点或基本内容．包括论文最重要的信息材料。信息性摘要可视为一小型报告，它不仅仅讲述细目，而且介绍这些细目下的内容。信息性摘要的优点是比叙述性摘要能提供多得多的信息，当然它可能比叙述性摘要长些，另外写作起来也较费劲。然而，除非摘要的字数受到严格限制，毫无疑问应该首选信息性摘要的形式。 * Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult forms. The breeding of flies is controlled by proper disposal of decaying（腐败） organic matter, and of mosquitoes by destroying or draining pools, or spraying them with oil. For rats, only the indirect methods of rat-resistant houses and protected food supplies are valuable. Control of adult forms of both insects and rodents requires use of poisons. Screens are used for insects. Minnows can be planted to eat mosquito larvae. * 必须指出，大多数的摘要并不完全是倍息性的或叙述性的，而是两者的结合。使摘要既能反映论文最重要的事实与概念，又能表达得简短. * 基本内容与时态、语态 摘要应包括下列项目： ①研究背景 这项目可有可无，尤其当作者认为摘要可能会过长时，这项目常被省略。 ②研究目的和研究题目。 ③研究方法 有时作者会把②和③项目合并在一个句子里。 * ④发现或结果； ⑤主要结论和推论 如果作者无法叙述一、两个很简短、具体的结论，那么有时可采用“The results are discussed in comparison with earlier findings”、“A mechanism is proposed to explain the results”或“The implications of the data are discussed in detail” 等等句子来概述自己对研究结果的介绍。 * 有时，作者以研究结果作为主要内容．而把研究目的、研究方法或理论与实验方面的简介免除掉。这类摘要的阅读对象通常是那些非常精通专业研究领域情况的老练的研究工作者。 * ①在介绍背景资料时，应该用一般现在时态来叙述不受时间影响的普遍事实。 Most alternative fuels for internal combustion engines have low cetane（低十六烷的） numbers. This is particularly true of natural gas which has excellent clean burning characteristic and low greenhouse gas production. * 若介绍背景资料的句子内容是对某种研究动向的概述，则应该使用现在完成时态。 The use of correlated coefficients of heat transfer from the experimental data has been the universal choice to analyze complex heat transfer processes. Several laboratory studies have been conducted to det