CH03 estimation of population mean and hypothesis test Medical Statistics医学统计学 演示教学.pptVIP

situations that t-test could be applied: The variable follows a normal distribution; Sample size is small; The variances are equal. Example3-5 Hb of 36 workers engaging works with plumbum were tested, the mean of Hb was 130.83g/L，and standard deviation is 25.74g/L. It is known that the average Hb of normal adult man is 140g/L. Is there difference on Hb between worker with plumbum and normal adult man? 130.83g/L ≠140g/L May due to： A.the two population mean are different B.the sampling error Question: Which is the truth? -- problem of hypothesis test! In hypothesis test (significance test), the question of interest is simplified into two competing claims / hypotheses between which we have a choice; the null hypothesis, denoted H0, against the alternative hypothesis, denoted H1. These two competing claims / hypotheses are not however treated on an equal basis, special consideration is given to the null hypothesis. We have two common situations: Basic theory and approaches of hypothesis test  Basic theory :Under the null hypothesis How possible to occur the current situation and even more unfavorable situation to ? -- Calculate a probability ( -value) If it is less possible to occur the current situation and even more unfavorable situation to , then reject ; otherwise, not reject . -- Given a small , compare and ( is called the significance level of the test) Set hypotheses and the significance level of test null hypothesis(H0): The statement being tested in a test of significance Alternative hypothesis (H1) : The statement we hope or suspect is true instead of H0 One-sided and two-sided alternatives Significance level ?， often ? = 0.05 It is a random variable with a distribution that we know. If X follows a normal distribution Then (2) Select an appropriate test and calculate the test statistic T