chapter 02 The Evolution of Management Theory 《相关管理学》（双语）课程课件.pptVIP

Chapter　2 The Evolution of Management Theory;Learning Objectives;Learning Objectives (cont’d);Chapter Outline;Chapter Outline (cont’d);2. Job Specialization and the Division of Labor; 3. F.W. Taylor and Scientific Management;4. Four Principles of Scientific Management;5. Problems with Scientific Management;Frank and Lillian Gilbreth;II. Administrative Management Theory;Weber’s Principles of Bureaucracy;1. Weber’s Five Principles of Bureaucracy;2. Fayol’s Principles of Management;Line of Authority A clear chain of command from top to bottom of the firm. Centralization The degree to which authority rests at the top of the organization. Unity of Direction A single plan of action to guide the organization.;Equity The provision of justice and the fair and impartial treatment of all employees. Order The arrangement of employees where they will be of the most value to the organization and to provide career opportunities. Initiative The fostering of creativity and innovation by encouraging employees to act on their own.;Discipline Obedient, applied, respectful employees are necessary for the organization to function. Remuneration of Personnel An equitable uniform payment system that motivates contributes to organizational success. Stability of Tenure of Personnel Long-term employment is important for the development of skills that improve the organization’s performance.;Subordination of Individual Interest to the Common Interest The interest of the organization takes precedence over that of the individual employee. Esprit de corps Comradeship, shared enthusiasm foster devotion to the common cause (organization).;III. Behavioral Management Theory;2. Mary Parker Follett An influential leader in early managerial theory Held a horizontal view of power and authority in organizations Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements—the worker knows the best way to improve the job. If workers have relevant knowledge of the task, then they should control the t