Chapter 10 Inentory Models 1 INVENTORY MODELS 相关管理科学英文版.pptVIP

Management Science:Operations Research(OR);10.1 Basic Concepts in Inventory Planning;;Order size Q and the lead time tL will usually be the same for all orders. The cost for carrying one unit of inventory for one period is called the unit carrying or holding cost ch. Ordering cost co is the cost of placing an order and having it delivered, considered independent of the size of the order. ;For some inventory models, backorders are not allowed, otherwise the unit shortage cost cs is the cost charged to be out of stock by one unit for one period of time.;Ordering costs;Holding cost;Total inventory cost;*;;;Example;Solution;10.3 The EOQ with Positive Lead Time;Case 1: . Demand during lead time is tLD, so that if an order of size Q* is placed when the inventory level reaches R* = tLD , the replenishment arrives exactly when inventory on hand has been depleted. ;Case 2: tL tc* Demand during the lead time is still tLD, but since tL tc* , it follows that tLD tc* D =Q*, → the arrival of an order will occur during a subsequent inventory cycle not during the cycle in which it was ordered, ;Optimal Reorder Point;Example: Consider the example above with D = 800, co = $100, and ch = $4, for which we have obtained an optimal order quantity of Q* = 200 at an annual cost of TC* = 800. tc* = Q*/D = 200/800 = 1/4 year = 3 months With a lead time of 2 months (1/6 of a year), we have tL = 1/6 ? = tc*, so that Case 1 applies and the optimal reorder point is R* = tLD = 1/6(800) - = 133? -0 =133.3 units. ;Case 2: With a lead time of 4 months: tL = 4 months (? of a year), we have tL = ? year ? year = tc*, so that Case 2 applies, and ? R*= ?(800) – = 66? units.